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Speciation of Manganese in a Synthetic Recycling Slag Relevant for Lithium Recycling from Lithium-Ion Batteries
| Content Provider | MDPI |
|---|---|
| Author | Wittkowski, Alena Schirmer, Thomas Qiu, Hao Goldmann, Daniel Fittschen, Ursula |
| Copyright Year | 2021 |
| Description | Lithium aluminum oxide has previously been identified to be a suitable compound to recover lithium (Li) from Li-ion battery recycling slags. Its formation is hampered in the presence of high concentrations of manganese (9 wt.% MnO2). In this study, mock-up slags of the system Li2O-CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-MnOx with up to 17 moL% MnO2-content were prepared. The manganese (Mn)-bearing phases were characterized with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), X‑ray diffraction (XRD), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), and X-ray absorption near edge structure analysis (XANES). The XRD results confirm the decrease of LiAlO2 phases from Mn-poor slags (7 moL% MnO2) to Mn‑rich slags (17 moL% MnO2). The Mn‑rich grains are predominantly present as idiomorphic and relatively large (>50 µm) crystals. XRD, EPMA and XANES suggest that manganese is present in the form of a spinel solid solution. The absence of light elements besides Li and O allowed to estimate the Li content in the Mn‑rich grain, and to determine a generic stoichiometry of the spinel solid solution, i.e., (Li(2x)Mn2+(1−x))1+x(Al(2−z),Mn3+z)O4. The coefficients x and z were determined at several locations of the grain. It is shown that the aluminum concentration decreases, while the manganese concentration increases from the start (x: 0.27; z: 0.54) to the end (x: 0.34; z: 1.55) of the crystallization. |
| Starting Page | 188 |
| e-ISSN | 20754701 |
| DOI | 10.3390/met11020188 |
| Journal | Metals |
| Issue Number | 2 |
| Volume Number | 11 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | MDPI |
| Publisher Date | 2021-01-21 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Metals Environmental Engineering Lithium Engineered Artificial Minerals (enam) X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (xanes) Powder X-ray Diffraction (pxrd) Electron Probe Microanalysis (epma) Melt Experiments |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
