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Soil Nitrogen and Sulfur Leaching in a Subtropical Forest at a Transition State under Decreasing Atmospheric Deposition
Content Provider | MDPI |
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Author | Ke, Piaopiao Si, Gaoyue Luo, Yao Cheng, Zhenglin Yu, Qian Duan, Lei |
Copyright Year | 2021 |
Description | Anthropogenic emissions of nitrogen- (N) and sulfur (S)-containing pollutants have declined across China in recent years. However, the responses of N and S depositions and dynamics in soil remain unclear in subtropical forests. In this study, the wet and throughfall depositions of dissolved inorganic N (DIN) and SO_{4}$^{2−}$ were continuously monitored in a mildly polluted subtropical forest in Southeast China in 2017 and 2018. Moreover, these solutes in soil water along the soil profile were monitored in 2018. Throughfall deposition of DIN and S decreased by 59% and 53% in recent 3 years, respectively, which can be majorly attributed to the decreases in wet depositions of NO_{3}$^{−}$ and SO_{4}$^{2−}$. Meanwhile, NH_{4}$^{+}$ deposition remained relatively stable at this site. Even though N deposition in 2018 was below the N saturation threshold for subtropical forests, significant N leaching still occurred. Excess export of N occurred in the upper soil layer (0–15 cm), reaching 6.86 ± 1.54 kg N/ha/yr, while the deeper soil (15–30 cm) was net sink of N as 8.29 ± 1.71 kg N/ha/yr. Similarly, S was excessively exported from the upper soil with net flux of 14.7 ± 3.15 kg S/ha/yr, while up to 6.37 ± 3.18 kg S/ha/yr of S was retained in the deeper soil. The significant N and S leaching under declined depositions suggested that this site possibly underwent a transition state, recovering from historically high acid deposition. Furthermore, the rainfall intensity remarkably regulated leaching and retention of SO_{4}$^{2−}$ and DIN at this site. The impacts of climate changes on N and S dynamics require further long-term monitoring in subtropical forests. |
Starting Page | 1798 |
e-ISSN | 19994907 |
DOI | 10.3390/f12121798 |
Journal | Forests |
Issue Number | 12 |
Volume Number | 12 |
Language | English |
Publisher | MDPI |
Publisher Date | 2021-12-17 |
Access Restriction | Open |
Subject Keyword | Forests Environmental Engineering Acid Deposition Acidification Input–output Budget Sulfate Adsorption Nitrogen Mineralization Retention |
Content Type | Text |
Resource Type | Article |