NDLI: Crime Risk Stations: Examining Spatiotemporal Influence of Urban Features through Distance-Aware Risk Signal Functions

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Crime Risk Stations: Examining Spatiotemporal Influence of Urban Features through Distance-Aware Risk Signal Functions

Content Provider	MDPI
Author	Hakyemez, Tugrul Badur, Bertan
Copyright Year	2021
Description	Static indicators may fail to capture spatiotemporal differences in the spatial influence of urban features on different crime types. In this study, with a base station analogy, we introduced crime risk stations that conceptualize the spatial influence of urban features as crime risk signals broadcasted throughout a coverage area. We operationalized these risk signals with two novel risk scores, risk strength and risk intensity, obtained from novel distance-aware risk signal functions. With a crime-specific spatiotemporal approach, through a spatiotemporal influence analysis we examined and compared these risk scores for different crime types across various spatiotemporal models. Using a correlation analysis, we examined their relationships with concentrated disadvantage. The results showed that bus stops had relatively lower risk intensity, but higher risk strength, while fast-food restaurants had a higher risk intensity, but a lower risk strength. The correlation analysis identified elevated risk intensity and strength around gas stations in disadvantaged areas during late-night hours and weekends. The results provided empirical evidence for a dynamic spatial influence that changes across space, time, and crime type. The proposed risk functions and risk scores could help in the creation of spatiotemporal crime hotspot maps across cities by accurately quantifying crime risk around urban features.
Starting Page	472
e-ISSN	22209964
DOI	10.3390/ijgi10070472
Journal	ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information
Issue Number	7
Volume Number	10
Language	English
Publisher	MDPI
Publisher Date	2021-07-10
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information Isprs International Journal of Geo-information Criminology and Penology Spatiotemporal Influence Spatial Extent Crime Risk Function Crime Risk Strength Crime Risk Intensity
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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