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Direct Double Coating of Carbon and Nitrogen on Fluoride-Doped $Li_{4}Ti_{5}O_{12}$ as an Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries
| Content Provider | MDPI |
|---|---|
| Author | Widyastuti, Noerochim, Lukman Wibowo, Alvalo Toto Subhan, Achmad Prihandoko, Bambang Caesarendra, Wahyu |
| Copyright Year | 2022 |
| Description | Graphite as a commercial anode for lithium-ion batteries has significant safety concerns owing to lithium dendrite growth at low operating voltages. $Li_{4}Ti_{5}O_{12}$ is a potential candidate to replace graphite as the next-generation anode of lithium-ion batteries. In this work, fluoride-doped $Li_{4}Ti_{5}O_{12}$ was successfully synthesized with a direct double coating of carbon and nitrogen using a solid-state method followed by the pyrolysis process of polyaniline. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results show that the addition of fluoride is successfully doped to the spinel-type structure of $Li_{4}Ti_{5}O_{12}$ without any impurities being detected. The carbon and nitrogen coating are distributed on the surface of $Li_{4}Ti_{5}O_{12}$ particles, as shown in the Scanning Electron Microscopy–Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) image. The Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) image shows a thin layer of carbon coating on the $Li_{4}Ti_{5}O_{12}$ surface. The fluoride-doped $Li_{4}Ti_{5}O_{12}$ has the highest specific discharge capacity of 165.38 mAh $g^{−1}$ at 0.5 C and capacity fading of 93.51% after 150 cycles compared to other samples, indicating improved electrochemical performance. This is attributed to the synergy between the appropriate amount of carbon and nitrogen coating, which induced a high mobility of electrons and larger crystallite size due to the insertion of fluoride to the spinel-type structure of $Li_{4}Ti_{5}O_{12}$, enhancing lithium-ion transfer during the insertion/extraction process. |
| Starting Page | 5 |
| e-ISSN | 23130105 |
| DOI | 10.3390/batteries8010005 |
| Journal | Batteries |
| Issue Number | 1 |
| Volume Number | 8 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | MDPI |
| Publisher Date | 2022-01-11 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Batteries Electrochemistry Direct Double Coating Fluoride-doped Li4ti5o12 Solid-state Method Lithium-ion Battery |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
