NDLI: Ionospheric Nighttime Enhancements at Low Latitudes Challenge Performance of the Global Ionospheric Maps

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Ionospheric Nighttime Enhancements at Low Latitudes Challenge Performance of the Global Ionospheric Maps

Content Provider	MDPI
Author	Yang, Yuyan Liu, Libo Zhao, Xiukuan Xie, Haiyong Chen, Yiding Le, Huijun Zhang, Ruilong Tariq, M. Arslan Li, Wenbo
Copyright Year	2022
Description	In this study, two ionospheric nighttime enhancement (INE) events at low latitudes are selected to investigate their spatial features through the observations from Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers and ionosondes. For the first time, we present the detailed spatial pictures of premidnight and postmidnight INEs under geomagnetically quiet conditions. The two INE events have the maximum extents of about 11° × 34° and 17° × 25° (longitude × latitude), respectively. Dramatic latitudinal and longitudinal features are revealed in the two INEs. We perform a comparison between the products of Global Ionospheric Maps (GIMs) and total electron content (TEC) measurement from GNSS receivers. However, GIMs fail to capture the TEC distribution during INEs owing to their limited spatial and temporal resolution. Considering the extent of INEs from the observations, the spherical harmonic (SH) expansion adopted by the GIM models needs to upgrade the degree and order to 36. The pixel-based methods developed from two GIM models are required to reduce their grid size for higher spatial resolution. The recommended time interval is shorter than 30 min. Among seven GIMs, CODG and JPLG maps generally have the best performance in reproducing the latitudinal structure of the ionosphere.
Starting Page	1088
e-ISSN	20724292
DOI	10.3390/rs14051088
Journal	Remote Sensing
Issue Number	5
Volume Number	14
Language	English
Publisher	MDPI
Publisher Date	2022-02-23
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Remote Sensing Ionosphere Ionospheric Nighttime Enhancement (ine) Beidou Geostationary Orbit (geo) Total Electron Content (tec) Global Ionospheric Map (gim) Ionosonde
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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