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A Technical Analysis of Solid Recovered Fuel from Torrefied Jatropha Seed Residue via a Two-Stage Mechanical Screw Press and Solvent Extraction Process
| Content Provider | MDPI |
|---|---|
| Author | Yuan, Min-Hao Chang, Chia-Chi Hsu, Tsung-Chi Shie, Je-Lueng Chen, Yi-Hung Chang, Ching-Yuan Lin, Cheng-Fang Yu, Chang-Ping Wu, Chao-Hsiung Do, Manh Van Lin, Far-Ching Lee, Duu-Jong Liu, Bo-Liang Chen, Yen-Hau Huang, Michael |
| Copyright Year | 2021 |
| Description | This study investigated the torrefaction of de-oiled Jatropha seed residue after a two-stage sequential process consisting of mechanical screw pressing and solvent extraction using n-hexane (denoted as JMS). The optimal torrefaction temperature $(T_{r}$) and torrefaction time $(t_{r}$) were determined in the ranges of 260–300 °C and 10–60 min, respectively, so to achieve a better heating value and satisfactory energy densification $(E_{D}$) with acceptable mass loss. Thermogravimetric analysis was employed to elucidate the thermal decomposition behaviors of JMS. By comparison with the torrefaction of Jatropha seed residue after mechanical oil extraction by screw pressing only (namely, $JME_{T}$), the results indicated that the $E_{D}$ of the torrefaction of JMS yielding the torrefied product $JMS_{T}$ (two-stage product) was higher than that of the torrefaction of JME giving the torrefied product $JME_{T}$ (single-stage product). Further, it was found that $JME_{T}$ contained some tar, which was attributed to a thermal reaction in the residual oil in JME during torrefaction. The tar/oil content of $JME_{T}$ was about 1.0–1.8 wt.% in the determined optimal conditions. Thus, the enhanced recovery of the residual oil is advantageous not only because it allows obtaining more oil from Jatropha seed residue with a positive net energy gain but also because it prevents the formation of tar in torrefied biomass products. |
| Starting Page | 7876 |
| e-ISSN | 19961073 |
| DOI | 10.3390/en14237876 |
| Journal | Energies |
| Issue Number | 23 |
| Volume Number | 14 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | MDPI |
| Publisher Date | 2021-11-24 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Energies Paper and Wood Torrefaction Jatropha Curcas L. Biomass Waste Solid Recovered Fuel De-oil Process |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
