NDLI: Legacy and Emerging Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances: Analytical Techniques, Environmental Fate, and Health Effects

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Legacy and Emerging Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances: Analytical Techniques, Environmental Fate, and Health Effects

Content Provider	MDPI
Author	Brase, Richard Mullin, Elizabeth Spink, David
Copyright Year	2021
Description	Due to their unique chemical properties, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been used extensively as industrial surfactants and processing aids. While several types of PFAS have been voluntarily phased out by their manufacturers, these chemicals continue to be of ecological and public health concern due to their persistence in the environment and their presence in living organisms. Moreover, while the compounds referred to as “legacy” PFAS remain in the environment, alternative compounds have emerged as replacements for their legacy predecessors and are now detected in numerous matrices. In this review, we discuss the historical uses of PFAS, recent advances in analytical techniques for analysis of these compounds, and the fate of PFAS in the environment. In addition, we evaluate current biomonitoring studies of human exposure to legacy and emerging PFAS and examine the associations of PFAS exposure with human health impacts, including cancer- and non-cancer-related outcomes. Special focus is given to short-chain perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) and ether-substituted, polyfluoroalkyl alternatives including hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA; tradename GenX), 4,8-dioxa-3H-perfluorononanoic acid (DONA), and 6:2 chlorinated polyfluoroethersulfonic acid (6:2 Cl-PFESA; tradename F-53B).
Starting Page	995
e-ISSN	14220067
DOI	10.3390/ijms22030995
Journal	International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Issue Number	3
Volume Number	22
Language	English
Publisher	MDPI
Publisher Date	2021-01-20
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	International Journal of Molecular Sciences Environmental Engineering Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Pfas Hfpo-da Genx Mass Spectrometry Landfills Biomonitoring Biotransformation Immunotoxicity Carcinogenicity
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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