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Comparison of Modern Highly Interactive Flicker-Free Steady State Motion Visual Evoked Potentials for Practical Brain–Computer Interfaces
| Content Provider | MDPI |
|---|---|
| Author | Stawicki, Piotr Volosyak, Ivan |
| Copyright Year | 2020 |
| Description | Motion-based visual evoked potentials (mVEP) is a new emerging trend in the field of steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEP)-based brain–computer interfaces (BCI). In this paper, we introduce different movement-based stimulus patterns (steady-state motion visual evoked potentials—SSMVEP), without employing the typical flickering. The tested movement patterns for the visual stimuli included a pendulum-like movement, a flipping illusion, a checkerboard pulsation, checkerboard inverse arc pulsations, and reverse arc rotations, all with a spelling task consisting of 18 trials. In an online experiment with nine participants, the movement-based BCI systems were evaluated with an online four-target BCI-speller, in which each letter may be selected in three steps (three trials). For classification, the minimum energy combination and a filter bank approach were used. The following frequencies were utilized: 7.06 Hz, 7.50 Hz, 8.00 Hz, and 8.57 Hz, reaching an average accuracy between 97.22% and 100% and an average information transfer rate (ITR) between 15.42 bits/min and 33.92 bits/min. All participants successfully used the SSMVEP-based speller with all types of stimulation pattern. The most successful SSMVEP stimulus was the SSMVEP1 (pendulum-like movement), with the average results reaching 100% accuracy and 33.92 bits/min for the ITR. |
| Starting Page | 686 |
| e-ISSN | 20763425 |
| DOI | 10.3390/brainsci10100686 |
| Journal | Brain Sciences |
| Issue Number | 10 |
| Volume Number | 10 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | MDPI |
| Publisher Date | 2020-09-28 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Brain Sciences Ergonomics Brain–computer Interface (bci) Steady-state Motion Visual Evoked Potentials (ssmvep) Steady-state Visual Evoked Potentials (ssvep) Flicker-free Steady-state Motion Visual Evoked Potentials (ffssmvep) Motion Visual Evoked Potentials (mvep) |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
