NDLI: Fused Filament Fabrication 3D Printing: Quantification of Exposure to Airborne Particles

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Fused Filament Fabrication 3D Printing: Quantification of Exposure to Airborne Particles

Content Provider	MDPI
Author	Saliakas, Stratos Karayannis, Panagiotis Kokkinopoulos, Ioannis Damilos, Spyridon Gkartzou, Eleni Zouboulis, Panagiotis Karatza, Anna Koumoulos, Elias P.
Copyright Year	2022
Description	Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) has been established as a widely practiced Additive Manufacturing technique, using various thermoplastic filaments. Carbon fibre (CF) additives enhance mechanical properties of the materials. The main operational hazard of the FFF technique explored in the literature is the emission of Ultrafine Particles and Volatile Organic Compounds. Exposure data regarding novel materials and larger scale operations is, however, still lacking. In this work, a thorough exposure assessment measurement campaign is presented for a workplace applying FFF 3D printing in various setups (four different commercial devices, including a modified commercial printer) and applying various materials (polylactic acid, thermoplastic polyurethane, copolyamide, polyethylene terephthalate glycol) and CF-reinforced thermoplastics (thermoplastic polyurethane, polylactic acid, polyamide). Portable exposure assessment instruments are employed, based on an established methodology, to study the airborne particle exposure potential of each process setup. The results revealed a distinct exposure profile for each process, necessitating a different safety approach per setup. Crucially, high potential for exposure is detected in processes with two printers working simultaneously. An updated engineering control scheme is applied to control exposures for the modified commercial printer. The establishment of a flexible safety system is vital for workplaces that apply FFF 3D printing.
Starting Page	119
e-ISSN	2504477X
DOI	10.3390/jcs6050119
Journal	Journal of Composites Science
Issue Number	5
Volume Number	6
Language	English
Publisher	MDPI
Publisher Date	2022-04-19
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Journal of Composites Science 3d Printing Exposure Assessment Occupational Safety Ultrafine Particles
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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