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Microstructure and Properties of Electrodeposited Nanocrystalline Ni-Co-Fe Coatings
| Content Provider | MDPI |
|---|---|
| Author | Ledwig, Piotr Kac, Malgorzata Kopia, Agnieszka Falkus, Jan Dubiel, Beata |
| Copyright Year | 2021 |
| Description | Materials based on Ni-Co-Fe alloys, due to their excellent magnetic properties, attract great attention in nanotechnology, especially as candidates for high-density magnetic recording media and other applications from spintronic to consumer electronics. In this study, Ni-Co-Fe nanocrystalline coatings were electrodeposited from citrate-sulfate baths with the $Ni^{2+}:Co^{2+}:Fe^{2+}$ ion concentration ratios equal to 15:1:1, 15:2:1, and 15:4:1. The effect of the composition of the bath on the morphology, microstructure, chemical composition, microhardness, and magnetic properties of the coatings was examined. Scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to study surface morphology, microstructure, chemical, and phase composition. Isothermal cross-sections of the Ni-Co-Fe ternary equilibrium system for the temperature of 50 °C and 600 °C were generated using the FactSage package. Magnetic properties were analyzed by a superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer (SQUID). All the coatings were composed of a single phase being face-centered cubic (fcc) solid solution. They were characterized by a smooth surface with globular morphology and a nanocrystalline structure of grain diameter below 30 nm. It was determined that Ni-Co-Fe coatings exhibit high hardness above 4.2 GPa. The measurements of hysteresis loops showed a significant value of magnetization saturation and small coercivity. The microstructure and properties of the obtained nanocrystalline coatings are interesting in terms of their future use in micromechanical devices (MEMS). |
| Starting Page | 3886 |
| e-ISSN | 19961944 |
| DOI | 10.3390/ma14143886 |
| Journal | Materials |
| Issue Number | 14 |
| Volume Number | 14 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | MDPI |
| Publisher Date | 2021-07-12 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Materials Coatings and Films Electrodeposition Ni-co-fe Coatings Nanocrystalline Alloys Magnetic Properties Corrosion Properties Microstructure Characterization |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
