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Biogas Reforming as a Precursor for Integrated Algae Biorefineries: Simulation and Techno-Economic Analysis
| Content Provider | MDPI |
|---|---|
| Author | Kenkel, Philipp Wassermann, Timo Zondervan, Edwin |
| Copyright Year | 2021 |
| Description | Biogas is a significant by-product produced in algae processing and may be used for many different applications, not only as a renewable energy carrier but also as a chemical intermediate in integrated algae-based biorefineries. In this work, the reforming of biogas to $H_{2}/CO_{2}$ mixtures (referred to as SynFeed) as feed for the direct hydrogenation of $CO_{2}$ to methanol is investigated. Two conventional processes, namely steam methane and autothermal reforming, with upstream $CO_{2}$ separation from raw biogas are compared to novel concepts of direct biogas bi- and tri-reforming. In addition, downstream $CO_{2}$ separation from SynFeed using the commercial Selexol process to produce pure $H_{2}$ and $CO_{2}$ is considered. The results show that upstream $CO_{2}$ separation with subsequent steam methane reforming is the most economic process, costing 142.48 $€/t_{SynFeed,}$ and taking into consideration the revenue from excess hydrogen. Bi-reforming is the most expensive process, with a cost of 413.44 $€/t_{SynFeed,}$ due to the high demand of raw biogas input. Overall, SynFeed from biogas is more economical than SynFeed from $CO_{2}$ capture and water electrolysis (464 $€/t_{SynFeed}$), but is slightly more expensive than using natural gas as an input (107 $€/_{SynFeed}$). Carbon capture using Selexol comes with costs of 22.58–27.19 €/ |
| Starting Page | 1348 |
| e-ISSN | 22279717 |
| DOI | 10.3390/pr9081348 |
| Journal | Processes |
| Issue Number | 8 |
| Volume Number | 9 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | MDPI |
| Publisher Date | 2021-07-30 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Processes Paper and Wood Biogas Reforming Techno-economic Analysis Aspen Plus Methanol Fame Hefa |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
