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Biomass Valorization of Walnut Shell for Liquefaction Efficiency
Content Provider | MDPI |
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Author | Nives, Jovičić Alan, Antonović Suzana, Antolović Tajana, Krička Matin, Ana Kalambura, Sanja |
Copyright Year | 2022 |
Description | Globally, lignocellulosic biomass has great potential for industrial production of materials and products, but this resource must be used in an environmentally friendly, socially acceptable and sustainable manner. Wood and agricultural residues such as walnut shells as lignocellulosic biomass are one of the most affordable and important renewable resources in the world, which can partially replace fossil resources. The overall objective of the research is to provide background information that supports new applications of walnut shells in a biorefinery context and to increase the economic value of these non-wood forest products. This paper presents the properties characterization of liquefied biomass according to their chemical composition. All results were compared to liquefied wood. In this study, the liqtion properties of five different walnut shell particle sizes were determined using glycerol as the liqtion reagent under defined reaction conditions. The liquefied biomass was characterized for properties such as percentage residue, degree of liqtion, and hydroxyl OH numbers. The chemical composition of the same biomass was investigated for its influence on the liqtion properties. Accordingly, the main objective of this study was to determine the liqtion properties of different particle sizes as a function of their chemical composition, also in comparison with the chemical composition of wood. The study revealed that walnut shell biomass can be effectively liquefied into glycerol using $H_{2}SO_{4}$ as the catalyst, with liqtion efficiency ranging from 89.21 to 90.98%. |
Starting Page | 495 |
e-ISSN | 19961073 |
DOI | 10.3390/en15020495 |
Journal | Energies |
Issue Number | 2 |
Volume Number | 15 |
Language | English |
Publisher | MDPI |
Publisher Date | 2022-01-11 |
Access Restriction | Open |
Subject Keyword | Energies Paper and Wood Biomass Liquefaction Biorefinery Hydroxyl Number Lignocellulose Biomass Liquefaction Degree Residue Percentage Walnut Shell Wood Liquefaction |
Content Type | Text |
Resource Type | Article |