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What Guides Peripheral Immune Cells into the Central Nervous System?
| Content Provider | MDPI |
|---|---|
| Author | Greiner, Theresa Kipp, Markus |
| Copyright Year | 2021 |
| Description | Multiple sclerosis (MS), an immune-mediated demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), initially presents with a relapsing-remitting disease course. During this early stage of the disease, leukocytes cross the blood–brain barrier to drive the formation of focal demyelinating plaques. Disease-modifying agents that modulate or suppress the peripheral immune system provide a therapeutic benefit during relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS). The majority of individuals with RRMS ultimately enter a secondary progressive disease stage with a progressive accumulation of neurologic deficits. The cellular and molecular basis for this transition is unclear and the role of inflammation during the secondary progressive disease stage is a subject of intense and controversial debate. In this review article, we discuss the following main hypothesis: during both disease stages, peripheral immune cells are triggered by CNS-intrinsic stimuli to invade the brain parenchyma. Furthermore, we outline the different neuroanatomical routes by which peripheral immune cells might migrate from the periphery into the CNS. |
| Starting Page | 2041 |
| e-ISSN | 20734409 |
| DOI | 10.3390/cells10082041 |
| Journal | Cells |
| Issue Number | 8 |
| Volume Number | 10 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | MDPI |
| Publisher Date | 2021-08-10 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Cells Cuprizone Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Multiple Sclerosis Inflammation |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
