NDLI: Integration of Sensors, Controllers and Instruments Using a Novel OPC Architecture

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The Role of Heart-Rate Variability Parameters in Activity Recognition and Energy-Expenditure Estimation Using Wearable Sensors

Parametric Loop Division for 3D Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks

A Secure and Verifiable Outsourced Access Control Scheme in Fog-Cloud Computing

Emotion Recognition from Chinese Speech for Smart Affective Services Using a Combination of SVM and DBN

Efficient Retrieval of Massive Ocean Remote Sensing Images via a Cloud-Based Mean-Shift Algorithm

3D Reconstruction of Space Objects from Multi-Views by a Visible Sensor

Motor Control Training for the Shoulder with Smart Garments

A Context-Driven Model for the Flat Roofs Construction Process through Sensing Systems, Internet-of-Things and Last Planner System

Double-Layer Compressive Sensing Based Efficient DOA Estimation in WSAN with Block Data Loss

Angular Rate Sensing with GyroWheel Using Genetic Algorithm Optimized Neural Networks

Pinhole Zone Plate Lens for Ultrasound Focusing

Demonstration and Methodology of Structural Monitoring of Stringer Runs out Composite Areas by Embedded Optical Fiber Sensors and Connectors Integrated during Production in a Composite Plant

Lifetime Maximization via Hole Alleviation in IoT Enabling Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks

A Noncontact Dibutyl Phthalate Sensor Based on a Wireless-Electrodeless QCM-D Modified with Nano-Structured Nickel Hydroxide

4SM: A Novel Self-Calibrated Algebraic Ratio Method for Satellite-Derived Bathymetry and Water Column Correction

Hierarchical Stereo Matching in Two-Scale Space for Cyber-Physical System

Selectively Enhanced UV-A Photoresponsivity of a GaN MSM UV Photodetector with a Step-Graded AlxGa1−xN Buffer Layer

Aptamer-Based Carboxyl-Terminated Nanocrystalline Diamond Sensing Arrays for Adenosine Triphosphate Detection

Classification of Alzheimer’s Patients through Ubiquitous Computing

Noncontact Sleep Study by Multi-Modal Sensor Fusion

Interference Effects Redress over Power-Efficient Wireless-Friendly Mesh Networks for Ubiquitous Sensor Communications across Smart Cities

Crack Detection in Concrete Tunnels Using a Gabor Filter Invariant to Rotation

Identification of Load Categories in Rotor System Based on Vibration Analysis

User Interaction Modeling and Profile Extraction in Interactive Systems: A Groupware Application Case Study

A Novel Physical Sensing Principle for Liquid Characterization Using Paper-Based Hygro-Mechanical Systems (PB-HMS)

An Adaptive Feature Learning Model for Sequential Radar High Resolution Range Profile Recognition

LEDs: Sources and Intrinsically Bandwidth-Limited Detectors

Theoretical Studies on Two-Photon Fluorescent Hg2+ Probes Based on the Coumarin-Rhodamine System

Scheduling for Emergency Tasks in Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks

Dual-Source Linear Energy Prediction (LINE-P) Model in the Context of WSNs

Online Denoising Based on the Second-Order Adaptive Statistics Model

Control Measurements of Crane Rails Performed by Terrestrial Laser Scanning

Predicting Magnetoelectric Coupling in Layered and Graded Composites

Amperometric Microsensors Monitoring Glutamate-Evoked In Situ Responses of Nitric Oxide and Carbon Monoxide from Live Human Neuroblastoma Cells

Thermal Anemometry Grid Sensor

Dynamic Hierarchical Energy-Efficient Method Based on Combinatorial Optimization for Wireless Sensor Networks

Surface Estimation for Microwave Imaging

Study on Finite Element Model Updating in Highway Bridge Static Loading Test Using Spatially-Distributed Optical Fiber Sensors

Practical Use of Metal Oxide Semiconductor Gas Sensors for Measuring Nitrogen Dioxide and Ozone in Urban Environments

Investigation into the Effect of Acoustic Radiation Force and Acoustic Streaming on Particle Patterning in Acoustic Standing Wave Fields

A Q-Learning-Based Delay-Aware Routing Algorithm to Extend the Lifetime of Underwater Sensor Networks

Mining Feature of Data Fusion in the Classification of Beer Flavor Information Using E-Tongue and E-Nose

Multifunctional Water Sensors for pH, ORP, and Conductivity Using Only Microfabricated Platinum Electrodes

Selective Detection of Target Volatile Organic Compounds in Contaminated Humid Air Using a Sensor Array with Principal Component Analysis

Zinc Oxide-Based Self-Powered Potentiometric Chemical Sensors for Biomolecules and Metal Ions

Radial Distance Estimation with Tapered Whisker Sensors

Preliminary Study of UAS Equipped with Thermal Camera for Volcanic Geothermal Monitoring in Taiwan

Enhanced Strain Measurement Range of an FBG Sensor Embedded in Seven-Wire Steel Strands

Detection of Guanine and Adenine Using an Aminated Reduced Graphene Oxide Functional Membrane-Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

Flavonoid and Antioxidant Capacity of Propolis Prediction Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy

Electromagnetic Differential Measuring Method: Application in Microstrip Sensors Developing

Hydrostatic Pressure and Temperature Measurements Using an In-Line Mach-Zehnder Interferometer Based on a Two-Mode Highly Birefringent Microstructured Fiber

Implementation of an IMU Aided Image Stacking Algorithm in a Digital Camera for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Extending Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Network Life without Full Knowledge

Minding the Cyber-Physical Gap: Model-Based Analysis and Mitigation of Systemic Perception-Induced Failure

Development and Application of a Structural Health Monitoring System Based on Wireless Smart Aggregates

Vibration Measurement Method of a String in Transversal Motion by Using a PSD

Sensing Responses Based on Transfer Characteristics of InAs Nanowire Field-Effect Transistors

Electrochemical Flow-ELISA for Rapid and Sensitive Determination of Microcystin-LR Using Automated Sequential Injection System

A Multiscale Approach to the Smart Deployment of Micro-Sensors over Lightweight Structures

Non-Convex Sparse and Low-Rank Based Robust Subspace Segmentation for Data Mining

Design and Implementation of a Smart Home System Using Multisensor Data Fusion Technology

Flexible Boron-Doped Diamond (BDD) Electrodes for Plant Monitoring

A Label-Free Fluorescent Array Sensor Utilizing Liposome Encapsulating Calcein for Discriminating Target Proteins by Principal Component Analysis

Frame Transmission Efficiency-Based Cross-Layer Congestion Notification Scheme in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

Development of Three-Dimensional Dental Scanning Apparatus Using Structured Illumination

Passive Downhole Pressure Sensor Based on Surface Acoustic Wave Technology

Localization with Graph Diffusion Property

Novel Selective Detection Method of Tumor Angiogenesis Factors Using Living Nano-Robots

Real-Time Communication Support for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks

Mechanomyography and Torque during FES-Evoked Muscle Contractions to Fatigue in Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury

Enhanced Handover Decision Algorithm in Heterogeneous Wireless Network

A Pulse Rate Detection Method for Mouse Application Based on Multi-PPG Sensors

Phenoliner: A New Field Phenotyping Platform for Grapevine Research

The Application of Whole Cell-Based Biosensors for Use in Environmental Analysis and in Medical Diagnostics

A Wi-Fi Union Mechanism for Internet Advertising Reciprocal Platform in Microenterprises

Novel Flexible Wearable Sensor Materials and Signal Processing for Vital Sign and Human Activity Monitoring

Effect of Distributed Mass on the Node, Frequency, and Sensitivity of Resonant-Mode Based Cantilevers

The Regular Interaction Pattern among Odorants of the Same Type and Its Application in Odor Intensity Assessment

A Synergy Cropland of China by Fusing Multiple Existing Maps and Statistics

Fabrication of Flexible Arrayed Lactate Biosensor Based on Immobilizing LDH-NAD+ on NiO Film Modified by GO and MBs

Sea Ice Detection Based on Differential Delay-Doppler Maps from UK TechDemoSat-1

Challenges in Wireless System Integration as Enablers for Indoor Context Aware Environments

A Study on the Data Compression Technology-Based Intelligent Data Acquisition (IDAQ) System for Structural Health Monitoring of Civil Structures

Radio-Frequency-Based NH3-Selective Catalytic Reduction Catalyst Control: Studies on Temperature Dependency and Humidity Influences

Cross Deployment Networking and Systematic Performance Analysis of Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

Rapid ELISA Using a Film-Stack Reaction Field with Micropillar Arrays

Array of Chemosensitive Resistors with Composites of Gas Chromatography (GC) Materials and Carbon Black for Detection and Recognition of VOCs: A Basic Study

Candle Soot Coating for Latent Fingermark Enhancement on Various Surfaces

Secure Service Proxy: A CoAP(s) Intermediary for a Securer and Smarter Web of Things

A Fine-Grained and Privacy-Preserving Query Scheme for Fog Computing-Enhanced Location-Based Service

Traceability of On-Machine Tool Measurement: A Review

Secure and Time-Aware Communication of Wireless Sensors Monitoring Overhead Transmission Lines

Task Assignment and Path Planning for Multiple Autonomous Underwater Vehicles Using 3D Dubins Curves †

A Smartphone-Based Automatic Measurement Method for Colorimetric pH Detection Using a Color Adaptation Algorithm

Rapid Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) Detection of Sibutramine Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical Capsules with a β-Cyclodextrin- Ag/Polyvivnyl Alcohol Hydrogel Substrate

Energy Harvesting Based Body Area Networks for Smart Health

Microfluidic Platform for the Long-Term On-Chip Cultivation of Mammalian Cells for Lab-On-A-Chip Applications

Hardware/Software Data Acquisition System for Real Time Cell Temperature Monitoring in Air-Cooled Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells

Polar Grid Navigation Algorithm for Unmanned Underwater Vehicles

Leaf Area Index Estimation Using Chinese GF-1 Wide Field View Data in an Agriculture Region

A Novel Spatial Feature for the Identification of Motor Tasks Using High-Density Electromyography

Multi-National Banknote Classification Based on Visible-light Line Sensor and Convolutional Neural Network

Pedestrian Detection Based on Adaptive Selection of Visible Light or Far-Infrared Light Camera Image by Fuzzy Inference System and Convolutional Neural Network-Based Verification

Real-Time Amperometric Recording of Extracellular H2O2 in the Brain of Immunocompromised Mice: An In Vitro, Ex Vivo and In Vivo Characterisation Study

On Transform Domain Communication Systems under Spectrum Sensing Mismatch: A Deterministic Analysis

Raman Plus X: Biomedical Applications of Multimodal Raman Spectroscopy

Ultrasensitive Magnetic Field Sensing Based on Refractive-Index-Matched Coupling

Towards a Cognitive Radar: Canada’s Third-Generation High Frequency Surface Wave Radar (HFSWR) for Surveillance of the 200 Nautical Mile Exclusive Economic Zone

Routing in Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks: A Leader-Based Approach

USEQ: A Short Questionnaire for Satisfaction Evaluation of Virtual Rehabilitation Systems

A Study of Vicon System Positioning Performance

An Ontology-based Context-aware System for Smart Homes: E-care@home

Optimizing the MAC Protocol in Localization Systems Based on IEEE 802.15.4 Networks

GNSS-R Altimetry Performance Analysis for the GEROS Experiment on Board the International Space Station

Single Carrier with Frequency Domain Equalization for Synthetic Aperture Underwater Acoustic Communications

Overview of Single-Molecule Speckle (SiMS) Microscopy and Its Electroporation-Based Version with Efficient Labeling and Improved Spatiotemporal Resolution

MPH-M, AODV-M and DSR-M Performance Evaluation under Jamming Attacks

Symbiotic Navigation in Multi-Robot Systems with Remote Obstacle Knowledge Sharing

CeO2 Enhanced Ethanol Sensing Performance in a CdS Gas Sensor

Fast Vessel Detection in Gaofen-3 SAR Images with Ultrafine Strip-Map Mode

A Stretchable Pressure-Sensitive Array Based on Polymer Matrix

Characterization of Signal Quality Monitoring Techniques for Multipath Detection in GNSS Applications

Early Diagnosis of Breast Cancer

Monitoring-Based Model for Personalizing the Clinical Process of Crohn’s Disease

A Reliability-Based Method to Sensor Data Fusion

A Smart and Balanced Energy-Efficient Multihop Clustering Algorithm (Smart-BEEM) for MIMO IoT Systems in Future Networks †

Multiport Circular Polarized RFID-Tag Antenna for UHF Sensor Applications

Gas Sensors Based on Molecular Imprinting Technology

An RFID-Based Smart Structure for the Supply Chain: Resilient Scanning Proofs and Ownership Transfer with Positive Secrecy Capacity Channels

A Modified Differential Coherent Bit Synchronization Algorithm for BeiDou Weak Signals with Large Frequency Deviation

A Frequency-Domain Adaptive Matched Filter for Active Sonar Detection

Real-Time Station Grouping under Dynamic Traffic for IEEE 802.11ah

Build a Robust Learning Feature Descriptor by Using a New Image Visualization Method for Indoor Scenario Recognition

Joint Transmit Power Allocation and Splitting for SWIPT Aided OFDM-IDMA in Wireless Sensor Networks

Unsupervised Fault Diagnosis of a Gear Transmission Chain Using a Deep Belief Network

A Microfluidic pH Measurement Device with a Flowing Liquid Junction

A Study on Wireless Charging for Prolonging the Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks

Experimental Characterization of Close-Emitter Interference in an Optical Camera Communication System

A Hybrid FPGA-Based System for EEG- and EMG-Based Online Movement Prediction

Acoustic Sensing and Ultrasonic Drug Delivery in Multimodal Theranostic Capsule Endoscopy

A Linear Birefringence Measurement Method for an Optical Fiber Current Sensor

Direct Quantification of Cd2+ in the Presence of Cu2+ by a Combination of Anodic Stripping Voltammetry Using a Bi-Film-Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode and an Artificial Neural Network

Fuzzy-Logic Based Distributed Energy-Efficient Clustering Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks

Motor Imagery EEG Classification for Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Using Fractal Dimension and Fisher’s Criterion-Based Channel Selection

A Damping Grid Strapdown Inertial Navigation System Based on a Kalman Filter for Ships in Polar Regions

Landmark-Based Drift Compensation Algorithm for Inertial Pedestrian Navigation

Rapid Detection of Ascorbic Acid Based on a Dual-Electrode Sensor System Using a Powder Microelectrode Embedded with Carboxyl Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Measuring Torque and Temperature in a Rotating Shaft Using Commercial SAW Sensors

Low-Cost and Rapid Fabrication of Metallic Nanostructures for Sensitive Biosensors Using Hot-Embossing and Dielectric-Heating Nanoimprint Methods

Performance Analysis of the Direct Position Determination Method in the Presence of Array Model Errors

Design and Parametric Study of the Magnetic Sensor for Position Detection in Linear Motor Based on Nonlinear Parametric model order reduction

An Infrared Actin Probe for Deep-Cell Electroporation-Based Single-Molecule Speckle (eSiMS) Microscopy

Development of a PrGO-Modified Electrode for Uric Acid Determination in the Presence of Ascorbic Acid by an Electrochemical Technique

In-Situ Real-Time Focus Detection during Laser Processing Using Double-Hole Masks and Advanced Image Sensor Software

Thiolate-Capped CdSe/ZnS Core-Shell Quantum Dots for the Sensitive Detection of Glucose

Hybrid Optical Unobtrusive Blood Pressure Measurements

A Steel Ball Surface Quality Inspection Method Based on a Circumferential Eddy Current Array Sensor

A Satellite-Based Imaging Instrumentation Concept for Hyperspectral Thermal Remote Sensing

Detection of Quinoline in G. boninense-Infected Plants Using Functionalized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes: A Field Study

Moving Object Detection in Heterogeneous Conditions in Embedded Systems

Efficient Depth Enhancement Using a Combination of Color and Depth Information

Substrate Oxide Layer Thickness Optimization for a Dual-Width Plasmonic Grating for Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) Biosensor Applications

GNSS Spoofing Detection and Mitigation Based on Maximum Likelihood Estimation

Dimension-Reduced Analog—Digital Mixed Measurement Method of Inductive Proximity Sensor

An Automatic Car Counting System Using OverFeat Framework

A Study of Deep CNN-Based Classification of Open and Closed Eyes Using a Visible Light Camera Sensor

Temperature Measurement and Numerical Prediction in Machining Inconel 718

Surface Acoustic Wave Sensor with Pd/ZnO Bilayer Structure for Room Temperature Hydrogen Detection

Characterizing Computer Access Using a One-Channel EEG Wireless Sensor

Multisensor Parallel Largest Ellipsoid Distributed Data Fusion with Unknown Cross-Covariances

Online Recognition of Daily Activities by Color-Depth Sensing and Knowledge Models

Data Aggregation Based on Overlapping Rate of Sensing Area in Wireless Sensor Networks

Physical Layer Secret-Key Generation Scheme for Transportation Security Sensor Network

Active Multimodal Sensor System for Target Recognition and Tracking

Towards Mobile Gait Analysis: Concurrent Validity and Test-Retest Reliability of an Inertial Measurement System for the Assessment of Spatio-Temporal Gait Parameters

SLAE–CPS: Smart Lean Automation Engine Enabled by Cyber-Physical Systems Technologies

Tuning Selectivity of Fluorescent Carbon Nanotube-Based Neurotransmitter Sensors

Review of Portable and Low-Cost Sensors for the Ambient Air Monitoring of Benzene and Other Volatile Organic Compounds

Colorization-Based RGB-White Color Interpolation using Color Filter Array with Randomly Sampled Pattern

Nanoporous Gold Nanocomposites as a Versatile Platform for Plasmonic Engineering and Sensing

Integration of Sensors, Controllers and Instruments Using a Novel OPC Architecture

Analysis of Public Datasets for Wearable Fall Detection Systems

Exploitation of SPR to Investigate the Importance of Glycan Chains in the Interaction between Lactoferrin and Bacteria

A Force-Sensing System on Legs for Biomimetic Hexapod Robots Interacting with Unstructured Terrain

Algorithms for Lightweight Key Exchange

Experimental Demonstration of Long-Range Underwater Acoustic Communication Using a Vertical Sensor Array

Flexible Packaging by Film-Assisted Molding for Microintegration of Inertia Sensors

Research on a Novel Exciting Method for a Sandwich Transducer Operating in Longitudinal-Bending Hybrid Modes

Development of a Computer Writing System Based on EOG

Temperature Dependence of the Rayleigh Brillouin Spectrum Linewidth in Air and Nitrogen

Novel Gas Sensor Arrays Based on High-Q SAM-Modified Piezotransduced Single-Crystal Silicon Bulk Acoustic Resonators

Tuning the Sensitivity of the PDR5 Promoter-Based Detection of Diclofenac in Yeast Biosensors

Novel Hybrid Scheduling Technique for Sensor Nodes with Mixed Criticality Tasks

Does RAIM with Correct Exclusion Produce Unbiased Positions?

Spatiotemporal Recurrent Convolutional Networks for Traffic Prediction in Transportation Networks

Statistical Analysis of the Main Configuration Parameters of the Network Dynamic and Adaptive Radio Protocol (DARP)

Ultra-Weak Fiber Bragg Grating Sensing Network Coated with Sensitive Material for Multi-Parameter Measurements

Vicarious Calibration of sUAS Microbolometer Temperature Imagery for Estimation of Radiometric Land Surface Temperature

Energy Efficiency Optimization for Downlink Cloud RAN with Limited Fronthaul Capacity

A Novel Range Compression Algorithm for Resolution Enhancement in GNSS-SARs

A Multi-Resolution Mode CMOS Image Sensor with a Novel Two-Step Single-Slope ADC for Intelligent Surveillance Systems

Tunable Fano Resonance in Asymmetric MIM Waveguide Structure

Digital Microfluidics for Nucleic Acid Amplification

A Spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar Partial Fixed-Point Imaging System Using a Field- Programmable Gate Array−Application-Specific Integrated Circuit Hybrid Heterogeneous Parallel Acceleration Technique

A Direct Georeferencing Method for Terrestrial Laser Scanning Using GNSS Data and the Vertical Deflection from Global Earth Gravity Models

Static and Dynamic Accuracy of an Innovative Miniaturized Wearable Platform for Short Range Distance Measurements for Human Movement Applications

Simultaneous Calibration: A Joint Optimization Approach for Multiple Kinect and External Cameras

A Real-Time Contactless Pulse Rate and Motion Status Monitoring System Based on Complexion Tracking

Slab Waveguide and Optical Fibers for Novel Plasmonic Sensor Configurations

A Novel Wearable Forehead EOG Measurement System for Human Computer Interfaces

An Operational In Situ Soil Moisture & Soil Temperature Monitoring Network for West Wales, UK: The WSMN Network

Relationship between Remote Sensing Data, Plant Biomass and Soil Nitrogen Dynamics in Intensively Managed Grasslands under Controlled Conditions

An Efficient User Authentication and User Anonymity Scheme with Provably Security for IoT-Based Medical Care System

Probing the Interaction of Dielectric Nanoparticles with Supported Lipid Membrane Coatings on Nanoplasmonic Arrays

An Energy-Efficient Multi-Tier Architecture for Fall Detection on Smartphones

Context Relevant Prediction Model for COPD Domain Using Bayesian Belief Network

GADEN: A 3D Gas Dispersion Simulator for Mobile Robot Olfaction in Realistic Environments

Adenosine Triphosphate-Encapsulated Liposomes with Plasmonic Nanoparticles for Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering-Based Immunoassays

Trimethylamine Sensors Based on Au-Modified Hierarchical Porous Single-Crystalline ZnO Nanosheets

A Study for Texture Feature Extraction of High-Resolution Satellite Images Based on a Direction Measure and Gray Level Co-Occurrence Matrix Fusion Algorithm

Bluetooth Low Energy Mesh Networks: A Survey

A Decision Mixture Model-Based Method for Inshore Ship Detection Using High-Resolution Remote Sensing Images

Novel Concrete Temperature Monitoring Method Based on an Embedded Passive RFID Sensor Tag

A Comprehensive Study on the Internet of Underwater Things: Applications, Challenges, and Channel Models

Performance Optimization Design for a High-Speed Weak FBG Interrogation System Based on DFB Laser

Automatic Detection and Classification of Pole-Like Objects for Urban Cartography Using Mobile Laser Scanning Data

A Novel Active Imaging Model to Design Visual Systems: A Case of Inspection System for Specular Surfaces

Stereo Vision-Based High Dynamic Range Imaging Using Differently-Exposed Image Pair

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Simple Algorithm Analysis for Rapid and Non-Destructive Assessment of Developmental Cotton Fibers

A Carrier Estimation Method Based on MLE and KF for Weak GNSS Signals

Analysis of Serotonin Molecules on Silver Nanocolloids—A Raman Computational and Experimental Study

Graphene-Ag Hybrids on Laser-Textured Si Surface for SERS Detection

Block-Diagonal Constrained Low-Rank and Sparse Graph for Discriminant Analysis of Image Data

The Resistance–Amplitude–Frequency Effect of In–Liquid Quartz Crystal Microbalance

Paper as Active Layer in Inkjet-Printed Capacitive Humidity Sensors

Integration of Sensors, Controllers and Instruments Using a Novel OPC Architecture

Content Provider	MDPI
Author	González, Isaías Calderón, Antonio Barragán, Antonio Andújar, José
Abstract	The interconnection between sensors, controllers and instruments through a communication network plays a vital role in the performance and effectiveness of a control system. Since its inception in the 90s, the Object Linking and Embedding for Process Control (OPC) protocol has provided open connectivity for monitoring and automation systems. It has been widely used in several environments such as industrial facilities, building and energy automation, engineering education and many others. This paper presents a novel OPC-based architecture to implement automation systems devoted to R&D and educational activities. The proposal is a novel conceptual framework, structured into four functional layers where the diverse components are categorized aiming to foster the systematic design and implementation of automation systems involving OPC communication. Due to the benefits of OPC, the proposed architecture provides features like open connectivity, reliability, scalability, and flexibility. Furthermore, four successful experimental applications of such an architecture, developed at the University of Extremadura (UEX), are reported. These cases are a proof of concept of the ability of this architecture to support interoperability for different domains. Namely, the automation of energy systems like a smart microgrid and photobioreactor facilities, the implementation of a network-accessible industrial laboratory and the development of an educational hardware-in-the-loop platform are described. All cases include a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) to automate and control the plant behavior, which exchanges operative data (measurements and signals) with a multiplicity of sensors, instruments and supervisory systems under the structure of the novel OPC architecture. Finally, the main conclusions and open research directions are highlighted.
File Size	13361152
File Format	PDF
e-ISSN	14248220
DOI	10.3390/s17071512
Journal	Sensors
Issue Number	7
Volume Number	17
Language	English
Publisher Date	2017-06-27
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	OPC sensors PLC SCADA automation communication interoperability smart microgrid remote laboratory hardware-in-the-loop
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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