NDLI: Toxicological Assessment of Inhaled Nanoparticles: Role of in Vivo, ex Vivo, in Vitro, and in Silico Studies

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Toxicological Assessment of Inhaled Nanoparticles: Role of in Vivo, ex Vivo, in Vitro, and in Silico Studies

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Toxicological Assessment of Inhaled Nanoparticles: Role of in Vivo, ex Vivo, in Vitro, and in Silico Studies

Content Provider	MDPI
Author	Fröhlich, Eleonore Salar-Behzadi, Sharareh
Abstract	The alveolar epithelium of the lung is by far the most permeable epithelial barrier of the human body. The risk for adverse effects by inhaled nanoparticles (NPs) depends on their hazard (negative action on cells and organism) and on exposure (concentration in the inhaled air and pattern of deposition in the lung). With the development of advanced in vitro models, not only in vivo, but also cellular studies can be used for toxicological testing. Advanced in vitro studies use combinations of cells cultured in the air-liquid interface. These cultures are useful for particle uptake and mechanistic studies. Whole-body, nose-only, and lung-only exposures of animals could help to determine retention of NPs in the body. Both approaches also have their limitations; cellular studies cannot mimic the entire organism and data obtained by inhalation exposure of rodents have limitations due to differences in the respiratory system from that of humans. Simulation programs for lung deposition in humans could help to determine the relevance of the biological findings. Combination of biological data generated in different biological models and in silico modeling appears suitable for a realistic estimation of potential risks by inhalation exposure to NPs.
File Size	1204224
Ending Page	4822
Page Count	28
Starting Page	4795
File Format	PDF
e-ISSN	14220067
DOI	10.3390/ijms15034795
Journal	International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Issue Number	3
Volume Number	15
Language	English
Publisher Date	2014-03-18
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	cell culture air-liquid interface inhalation exposure models species differences in silico modeling
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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