NDLI: Metabolic Profile of Skimmianine in Rats Determined by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Tandem Mass Spectrometry

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Metabolic Profile of Skimmianine in Rats Determined by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Content Provider	MDPI
Author	Huang, Aihua Xu, Hui Zhan, Ruoting Chen, Weiwen Liu, Jiawei Chi, Yuguang Chen, Daidi Ji, Xiaoyu Luo, Chaoquan
Abstract	Skimmianine is a furoquinoline alkaloid present mainly in the Rutaceae family. It has been reported to have analgesic, antispastic, sedative, anti-inflammatory, and other pharmacologic activities. Despite its critical pharmacological function, its metabolite profiling is still unclear. In this study, the in vivo metabolite profiling of skimmianine in rats was investigated using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS). The metabolites were predicted using MetabolitePilotTM software. These predicted metabolites were further analyzed by MS2 spectra, and compared with the detailed fragmentation pathway of the skimmianine standard and literature data. A total of 16 metabolites were identified for the first time in rat plasma, urine, and feces samples after oral administration of skimmianine. Skimmianine underwent extensive Phase I and Phase II metabolism in rats. The Phase I biotransformations of skimmianine consist of epoxidation of olefin on its furan ring (M1) followed by the hydrolysis of the epoxide ring (M4), hydroxylation (M2, M3), O-demethylation (M5-M7), didemethylation (M14–M16). The Phase II biotransformations include glucuronide conjugation (M8–M10) and sulfate conjugation (M11–M13). The epoxidation of 2,3-olefinic bond followed by the hydrolysis of the epoxide ring and O-demethylation were the major metabolic pathways of skimmianine. The results provide key information for understanding the biotransformation processes of skimmianine and the related furoquinoline alkaloids.
File Size	6334464
File Format	PDF
e-ISSN	14203049
DOI	10.3390/molecules22040489
Journal	Molecules
Issue Number	4
Volume Number	22
Language	English
Publisher Date	2017-03-23
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	skimmianine metabolites UPLC/Q-TOF-MS furoquinoline
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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