NDLI: Quantitative Aspects of cGMP Phosphodiesterase Activation in Carp Rods and Cones

Content Provider	Journal of Biological Chemistry (JBC)
Author	Koshitani, Yuki Tachibanaki, Shuji Kawamura, Satoru
Abstract	Cones are less light-sensitive than rods. We showed previously in carp that more light (>100-fold) is required in cones than in rods to activate 50% of cGMP phosphodiesterase (PDE). The lower effectiveness of PDE activation in carp cones is due partly to the fact that the activation rate of transducin (Tr) by light-activated visual pigment (R) is 5-fold lower in carp cones than in rods. In this study, we tried to explain the remaining difference. First, we examined the efficiency of activation of PDE by activated Tr (Tr). By activating PDE with known concentrations of the active (guanosine 5′-Ο-(γ-thio)triphosphate (GTPγS)-bound) form of Tr, we found that Tr activated PDE at a similar efficiency in rods and cones. Next, we examined the contribution of R* and Tr* lifetimes. In a comparison of PDE activation in the presence (with GTP) and absence (with GTPγS) of Tr* inactivation, PDE activation required more light (and was therefore less effective) when Tr* was inactivated in both rod and cone membranes. This is probably because inactivation of Tr* shortened its lifetime, thereby reducing the number of activated PDE molecules. The effect of Tr* inactivation was larger in cones, probably because the lifetime of Tr* is shorter in cones than in rods. The shorter lifetimes of Tr* and R* in cones seem to explain the remaining difference in the effectiveness of PDE activation between rods and cones.
Related Links	http://www.jbc.org/content/289/5/2651.abstract
Ending Page	2657
Starting Page	2651
Page Count	7
File Format	HTM / HTML PDF
ISSN	00219258
Journal	Journal of Biological Chemistry (JBC)
Issue Number	5
Volume Number	289
DOI	10.1074/jbc.M113.495325
e-ISSN	1083351X
Language	English
Publisher	American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Publisher Date	2014-01-31
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Heterotrimeric G-proteins Phosphodiesterases Photoreceptors Phototransduction Retina CGMP Phosphodiesterase Cones Rods Transducin Neurobiology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Cell Biology Biochemistry Molecular Biology

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