NDLI: Acireductone Dioxygenase 1 (ARD1) Is an Effector of the Heterotrimeric G Protein β Subunit in Arabidopsis

Content Provider	Journal of Biological Chemistry (JBC)
Author	Friedman, Erin J. Wang, Helen X. Jiang, Kun Perovic, Iva Deshpande, Aditi Pochapsky, Thomas C. Temple, Brenda R. S. Hicks, Stephanie N. Harden, T. Kendall Jones, Alan M.
Abstract	Heterotrimeric G protein complexes are conserved from plants to mammals, but the complexity of each system varies. Arabidopsis thaliana contains one Gα, one Gβ (AGB1), and at least three Gγ subunits, allowing it to form three versions of the heterotrimer. This plant model is ideal for genetic studies because mammalian systems contain hundreds of unique heterotrimers. The activation of these complexes promotes interactions between both the Gα subunit and the Gβγ dimer with enzymes and scaffolds to propagate signaling to the cytoplasm. However, although effectors of Gα and Gβ are known in mammals, no Gβ effectors were previously known in plants. Toward identifying AGB1 effectors, we genetically screened for dominant mutations that suppress Gβ-null mutant (agb1-2) phenotypes. We found that overexpression of acireductone dioxygenase 1 (ARD1) suppresses the 2-day-old etiolated phenotype of agb1-2. ARD1 is homologous to prokaryotic and eukaryotic ARD proteins; one function of ARDs is to operate in the methionine salvage pathway. We show here that ARD1 is an active metalloenzyme, and AGB1 and ARD1 both control embryonic hypocotyl length by modulating cell division; they also may contribute to the production of ethylene, a product of the methionine salvage pathway. ARD1 physically interacts with AGB1, and ARD enzymatic activity is stimulated by AGB1 in vitro. The binding interface on AGB1 was deduced using a comparative evolutionary approach and tested using recombinant AGB1 mutants. A possible mechanism for AGB1 activation of ARD1 activity was tested using directed mutations in a loop near the substrate-binding site.
Related Links	http://www.jbc.org/content/286/34/30107.abstract
Ending Page	30118
Starting Page	30107
Page Count	12
File Format	HTM / HTML PDF
ISSN	00219258
Journal	Journal of Biological Chemistry (JBC)
Issue Number	34
Volume Number	286
DOI	10.1074/jbc.M111.227256
e-ISSN	1083351X
Language	English
Publisher	American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Publisher Date	2011-08-26
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Arabidopsis Enzyme Mechanisms Heterotrimeric G Proteins Iron Plant Signal Transduction Acireductone Dioxygenase Effector Ethylene Plant Biology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Cell Biology Biochemistry Molecular Biology

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