NDLI: Robust direction of arrival estimation approach for unmanned aerial vehicles at low signal-to-noise ratios

Content Provider	IET Digital Library
Author	Lu, Jian Yang, Jian Liu, Xinghai Liu, Guangbin Zhang, Yue
Abstract	The conventional methods used to estimate the direction of arrival (DOA) of linear frequency modulated (LFM) signals at low signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), such as the echoes reflected by a small unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), demonstrate major performance deterioration. In order to eliminate the problem and achieve highly accurate DOA estimation for low-SNR echoes, this paper proposes a novel estimation approach that applies two accumulative methods based on fractional Fourier transform (FrFT). According to the findings of this paper, the algorithm directly accumulates the FrFT result of each echo when it is not possible to determine in advance the speed of the target. When the radial velocity of the small UAV has been estimated ahead of time, the algorithm performs phase compensation to enhance the accumulative effect. Through coherent integration, the algorithm then extracts all the peaks of the target echo waveform, which are then used for the construction of a fractional autocorrelation matrix. Thereafter, multiple signal classification is employed for DOA estimation. Furthermore, with the proposed algorithm, the DOAs of multi-target echoes can be estimated accurately. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm was verified using Monte–Carlo simulation trials, and the root-mean-square-error of DOA estimation was close to the Cramer–Rao bound.
Starting Page	456
Ending Page	463
Page Count	8
ISSN	17519675
Volume Number	13
e-ISSN	17519683
Issue Number	Issue 4, Jun (2019)
Alternate Webpage(s)	https://digital-library.theiet.org/content/journals/iet-spr/13/4
Alternate Webpage(s)	https://digital-library.theiet.org/content/journals/10.1049/iet-spr.2018.5275
Journal	IET Signal Processing
Publisher Date	2019-02-04
Access Restriction	Open
Rights Holder	© The Institution of Engineering and Technology
Subject Keyword	Accumulative Effect Accumulative Method Aerospace Engineering Computing Autonomous Aerial Vehicle Correlation Method Cramer-Rao Bound Digital Signal Processing Direction of Arrival Estimation DOA Estimation Echo Fourier Transforms Fractional Autocorrelation Matrix Fractional Fourier Transform Frequency Modulation FrFT Integral Transforms in Numerical Analysis Interpolation And Function Approximation Linear Algebra Linear Frequency Modulated Signal Low-SNR Echoes Matrix Algebra Mean Square Error Method Mobile Robots Monte Carlo Method Monte-Carlo Simulation Trials Multiple Signal Classification Multitarget Echoes Numerical Analysis Performance Deterioration Phase Compensation Robust Direction-of-arrival Estimation Root-mean-square-error Signal Classification Signal Processing And Detection Signal to Noise Ratio Target Echo Waveform Telerobotics UAV Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Signal Processing Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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