NDLI: Secure echo-hiding audio watermarking method based on improved PN sequence and robust principal component analysis

Content Provider	IET Digital Library
Author	Wang, Shengbei Wang, Chao Yuan, Weitao Wang, Lin Wang, Jianming
Abstract	Echo-hiding has been widely studied for audio watermarking. This study proposes a more secure echo-hiding method based on modified pseudo-noise (PN) sequence and robust principal component analysis (RPCA). In the proposed method, the RPCA is used to decompose the original audio signal into low-rank and sparse parts and then a pair of opposite modified PN sequences is employed to embed watermarks. The modified PN sequence improves the robustness of watermark detection by providing additional correlation peaks. Meanwhile, benefit from the RPCA and the opposite PN sequences, the security of the proposed method is improved since watermarks cannot be detected from the whole signal even if the PN sequence is known, which is an obvious improvement compared with the previous PN-based echo-hiding methods. In the watermark detection process, the authors make use of the low-rank and sparse characteristics of the watermarked signal to detect watermarks from the low-rank and sparse parts, respectively. Based on this basic framework, they also propose a multi-bit embedding scheme, which obtains a doubled embedding capacity compared with the previous PN-based echo-hiding methods. The proposed method was evaluated with respect to inaudibility, security, and robustness. The experiment results verified the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Starting Page	229
Ending Page	242
Page Count	14
ISSN	17519675
Volume Number	14
e-ISSN	17519683
Issue Number	Issue 4, Jun (2020)
Alternate Webpage(s)	https://digital-library.theiet.org/content/journals/iet-spr/14/4
Alternate Webpage(s)	https://digital-library.theiet.org/content/journals/10.1049/iet-spr.2019.0376
Journal	IET Signal Processing
Publisher Date	2020-02-21
Access Restriction	Open
Rights Holder	© The Institution of Engineering and Technology
Subject Keyword	Audio Coding Audio Signal Audio Watermarking Computer Vision And Image Processing Technique Data Security Echo-hiding Method Image And Video Coding Image Coding Improved PN Sequence Opposite Modified PN Sequence PN-based Echo-hiding Method Principal Component Analysis Pseudonoise Sequence Robust Principal Component Analysis RPCA Secure Echo-hiding Audio Watermarking Method Statistics Watermark Detection Process Watermarked Signal
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Signal Processing Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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