NDLI: Spatiotemporal feature extraction for facial expression recognition

Content Provider	IET Digital Library
Author	Kamarol, Siti Khairuni Amalina Jaward, Mohamed Hisham Parkkinen, Jussi Parthiban, Rajendran
Abstract	A key issue regarding feature extraction is the capability of a technique to extract distinctive features to represent facial expressions while requiring a low computational complexity. In this study, the authors propose a novel approach for appearance-based facial feature extraction to perform the task of facial expression recognition on video sequences. The proposed spatiotemporal texture map (STTM) is capable of capturing subtle spatial and temporal variations of facial expressions with low computational complexity. First, face is detected using Viola–Jones face detector and frames are cropped to remove unnecessary background. Facial features are then modelled with the proposed STTM, which uses the spatiotemporal information extracted from three-dimensional Harris corner function. A block-based method is adopted to extract the dynamic features and represent the features in the form of histograms. The features are then classified into classes of emotion by the support vector machine classifier. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach shows superior performance compared with the state-of-the-art approaches with an average recognition rate of 95.37, 98.56, and 84.52% on datasets containing posed expressions, spontaneous micro-expressions, and close-to-real-world expressions, respectively. They also show that the proposed algorithm requires low computational cost.
Starting Page	534
Ending Page	541
Page Count	8
ISSN	17519659
Volume Number	10
e-ISSN	17519667
Issue Number	Issue 7, Jul (2016)
Alternate Webpage(s)	https://digital-library.theiet.org/content/journals/iet-ipr/10/7
Alternate Webpage(s)	https://digital-library.theiet.org/content/journals/10.1049/iet-ipr.2015.0519
Journal	IET Image Processing
Publisher Date	2016-07-01
Access Restriction	Open
Rights Holder	© The Institution of Engineering and Technology
Subject Keyword	3D Harris Corner Function Appearance-based Facial Feature Extraction Block-based Method Close-to-real-world Expressions Computer Vision And Image Processing Technique Emotion Recognition Face Recognition Facial Expression Recognition Facial Feature Modelling Feature Representation Image Classification Image Recognition Image Representation Image Sequence Image Texture Knowledge Engineering Technique Low Computational Complexity Posed Expressions Spatial Facial Expression Variation Spatiotemporal Feature Extraction Spatiotemporal Texture Map Spontaneous Microexpressions STTM Support Vector Machine Support Vector Machine Classifier Temporal Facial Expression Variation Video Sequence Video Signal Processing Viola-Jones Face Detector
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Signal Processing Electrical and Electronic Engineering Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Software

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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6	Contents and Copyright Issues	Queries related to content curation and copyright issues	content@ndl.gov.in
7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
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9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

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