NDLI: Protection of inverter-based microgrids from ground faults by an innovative directional element

Content Provider	IET Digital Library
Author	Mahamedi, Behnam Zhu, Jian Guo Eskandari, Mohsen Fletcher, John Edward Li, Li
Abstract	The complicated response of inverter-interfaced distributed generators (IIDG) to faults has been reported, which severely affects all parts of relaying, i.e. fault sensing and polarisation, and faulted phase selection. Given this, the root causes of difficulties in dealing with the protection of inverter-based microgrids are explained. Then, the study describes a directional element using unique features of zero-sequence components that retains satisfactory performance even in IIDG-based microgrids. The zero-sequence component is the only sequence component that can be calculated in the time domain without time delay and thus can cause less delay in the outcome of protective schemes compared with the other two sequences. With this, instantaneous zero-sequence power is defined and one term derived from it, zero-sequence reactive power, is utilised to polarise ground faults. It is proven that the zero-sequence reactive power is negative for forwarding ground faults and positive for reverse ground faults. An interesting feature is that the zero-sequence reactive power is calculated by averaging a new quantity in the time domain over half a power cycle. Hence, the time delay is half that of the conventional phasor-based methods. A sample microgrid is simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK to evaluate the directional element and the results demonstrate the improvements.
Starting Page	5918
Ending Page	5927
Page Count	10
ISSN	17518687
Volume Number	12
e-ISSN	17518695
Issue Number	Issue 22, Dec (2018)
Alternate Webpage(s)	https://digital-library.theiet.org/content/journals/iet-gtd/12/22
Alternate Webpage(s)	https://digital-library.theiet.org/content/journals/10.1049/iet-gtd.2018.5469
Journal	IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution
Publisher Date	2018-08-29
Access Restriction	Open
Rights Holder	© The Institution of Engineering and Technology
Subject Keyword	Control of Electric Power System Conventional Phasor-based Method Distributed Power Generation Distribution Network Earthing Fault Sensing Faulted Phase Selection IIDG-based Microgrid Innovative Directional Element Inverter-based Microgrid Inverter-interfaced Distributed Generator Invertors Polarisation Power Distribution Fault Power Generation Fault Power System Protection Protective Scheme Reactive Power Reverse Ground Fault Time Delay Time Domain Zero-sequence Component Zero-sequence Power Zero-sequence Reactive Power
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Control and Systems Engineering Energy Engineering and Power Technology Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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