NDLI: Load flow calculation for droop-controlled islanded microgrids based on direct Newton–Raphson method with step size optimisation

Content Provider	IET Digital Library
Author	Pan, Zhongmei Wu, Jianzhong Ding, Tao Liu, Jian Wang, Fei Tong, Xiangqian
Abstract	Load flow calculation for droop-controlled islanded microgrids (IMGs) is different from that of transmission or distribution systems due to the absence of slack bus and the variation of frequency. Meanwhile considering the common three-phase imbalance condition in low-voltage systems, a load flow algorithm based on the direct Newton–Raphson (NR) method with step size optimisation for both three-phase balanced and unbalanced droop-controlled IMGs is proposed in this study. First, the steady-state models for balanced and unbalanced droop-controlled IMGs are established based on their operational mechanisms. Then taking frequency as one of the unknowns, the non-linear load flow equations are solved iteratively by the NR method. Generally, iterative load flow algorithms are faced with challenges of convergence performance, especially for unbalanced systems. To tackle this problem, a step-size-optimisation scheme is employed to improve the convergence performance for three-phase unbalanced IMGs. In each iteration, a multiplier is deduced from the sum of higher-order terms of Taylor expansion of the load flow equations. Then the step size is optimised by the multiplier, which can help smooth the iterative process and obtain the solutions. The proposed method is performed on several balanced and unbalanced IMGs. Numerical results demonstrate the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Starting Page	4775
Ending Page	4787
Page Count	13
ISSN	17518687
Volume Number	14
e-ISSN	17518695
Issue Number	Issue 21, Nov (2020)
Alternate Webpage(s)	https://digital-library.theiet.org/content/journals/iet-gtd/14/21
Alternate Webpage(s)	https://digital-library.theiet.org/content/journals/10.1049/iet-gtd.2019.1722
Journal	IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution
Publisher Date	2020-08-13
Access Restriction	Open
Rights Holder	© The Institution of Engineering and Technology
Subject Keyword	Control of Electric Power System Direct Newton-Raphson Method Distributed Power Generation Droop-controlled Islanded Microgrid Interpolation And Function Approximation Iterative Load Flow Algorithm Load Flow Load Flow Algorithm Load Flow Calculation Low-voltage System Newton-Raphson Method Nonlinear Load Flow Equation NR Method Numerical Analysis Optimisation Optimisation Technique Power Generation Control Steady-state Model Step Size Optimisation Step-size-optimisation Scheme Taylor Expansion Three-phase Imbalance Condition Three-phase Unbalanced IMG Unbalanced Droop-controlled IMG Unbalanced System Voltage Control
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Control and Systems Engineering Energy Engineering and Power Technology Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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