NDLI: Multi-objective optimal provision of fast frequency response from EV clusters

Content Provider	IET Digital Library
Author	Gorostiza, Francisco Sanchez Longatt, Francisco Gonzalez Rueda, José Luis
Abstract	Declining levels of rotational inertia in modern power systems prompt transmission system operators (TSOs) to develop novel ways of maintaining the balance between generation and demand. Services such as fast frequency response (FFR) can help the TSO achieve this balance. The growing penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) promotes the provision of FFR from clusters of EVs. Fast charging stations are more geared towards destination charging, whereas slow charging stations are more attractive as providers of FFR, given the longer connection times. In this study, the provision of FFR from EV clusters is formulated as a multi-objective optimisation problem with network security constraints and two minimisation objectives, i.e. the maximum frequency deviation following a disturbance and the energy provided by public EV charging stations. A methodology was developed to solve the optimisation problem with a variant of the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm. This methodology allows the decision-maker to consider trade-offs among the objectives, leading to a more informed decision. An enhanced frequency-responsive aggregate model of an EV cluster was developed to study the provision of FFR in a multi-area power system. A reduced model of the Nordic power system was used to illustrate the performance of the proposed methodology.
Starting Page	5580
Ending Page	5587
Page Count	8
ISSN	17518687
Volume Number	14
e-ISSN	17518695
Issue Number	Issue 23, Dec (2020)
Alternate Webpage(s)	https://digital-library.theiet.org/content/journals/iet-gtd/14/23
Alternate Webpage(s)	https://digital-library.theiet.org/content/journals/10.1049/iet-gtd.2020.0717
Journal	IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution
Publisher Date	2020-09-14
Access Restriction	Open
Rights Holder	© The Institution of Engineering and Technology
Subject Keyword	Declining Levels Destination Charging Electric Vehicle Enhanced Frequency-responsive EV Cluster Fast Charging Stations Fast Frequency Response FFR Frequency Response Genetic Algorithm Maximum Frequency Deviation Minimisation Objectives Multiarea Power System Multiobjective Optimal Provision Multiobjective Optimisation Problem Network Security Constraint Nordic Power System Optimisation Technique Pareto Optimisation Power System Security Public EV Charging Stations Rotational Inertia Slow Charging Stations Transmission System Operators Transportation
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Control and Systems Engineering Energy Engineering and Power Technology Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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