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| Content Provider | IET Digital Library |
|---|---|
| Author | Babaei, Farshad Lashkari, Zahra Bahari Safari, Amin Farrokhifar, Meisam Salehi, Javad |
| Abstract | Electric vehicles (EVs) battery has the ability to enhance the balance between the load demand and power generation units. Random behaviour of owners and EVs low capacity are some factors that develop the EV aggregator notion to increase the EV participation in the ancillary services market. In the presence of EVs aggregator, the frequency control service is capable of causing time-varying delay in load frequency control (LFC) systems. Owing to the dependency of controller effectiveness on its parameters, these parameters should be designed optimally in order to have a better result in an LFC system in the presence of time-varying delay. Therefore, a salp swarm algorithm (SSA) is utilised to adjust the fractional-order proportional integral derivative (PID) (FOPID) controller coefficients. Also, some evaluations are performed about the proposed LFC performance by an integral absolute error, integral time absolute error and mean absolute error indicators. In this study, both single and two-area LFC systems containing EVs aggregator with time-varying delay are simulated and analysed. The results indicate that the proposed controller has fewer frequency variations in contrast to other controllers presented in the case studies. Moreover, it is concluded that the FOPID controller could significantly decrease the overshoot and settling time of the frequency variation signal. |
| Starting Page | 259 |
| Ending Page | 267 |
| Page Count | 9 |
| ISSN | 20429738 |
| Volume Number | 10 |
| e-ISSN | 20429746 |
| Issue Number | Issue 3, Sep (2020) |
| Alternate Webpage(s) | https://digital-library.theiet.org/content/journals/iet-est/10/3 |
| Alternate Webpage(s) | https://digital-library.theiet.org/content/journals/10.1049/iet-est.2019.0076 |
| Journal | IET Electrical Systems in Transportation |
| Publisher Date | 2020-02-13 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Rights Holder | © The Institution of Engineering and Technology |
| Subject Keyword | Ancillary Services Market Control of Electric Power System Control System Analysis Control System Synthesis Controller Effectiveness Delay Delayed EV Aggregators Electric Vehicle Electric Vehicle Battery EV Aggregator Notion EV Participation EVs Aggregator Fewer Frequency Variations FOPID Controller Fractional-order PID Controller Coefficient Frequency Control Frequency Control Service Frequency Variation Signal Integral Absolute Error Integral Time Absolute Error LFC Performance LFC System Load Demand Load Frequency Control System Load Regulation Mean Absolute Error Indicators Optimisation Technique Power Generation Units Power System Control Power System Economics Power System Managemen Power System Operation Random Behaviour Salp Swarm Algorithm-based Fractional-order PID Controller Settling Time Synthesis Method Three-term Control Time Varying System Time-varying Delay Transportation Two-area LFC System |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Electrical and Electronic Engineering |
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