NDLI: Efficient self-powered convertor with digitally controlled oscillator-based adaptive maximum power point tracking and RF kick-start for ultralow-voltage thermoelectric energy harvesting

Content Provider	IET Digital Library
Author	Wang, Chuang Li, Zunchao Zhao, Kai Guo, Qiang
Abstract	A self-powered convertor for thermoelectric energy harvesting in body sensor nodes (BSNs) is designed to boost extremely low voltage to the typical supply voltage of BSNs. An adaptive maximum power point tracking (MPPT) based on digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) is achieved by adjusting the switching frequency according to the relation between the half open-circuit voltage of thermoelectric generator and the equivalent voltage. DCO exhibits small line sensitivity and temperature coefficient (TC). Radio frequency (RF) kick-start based on a self-synchronous rectifier is introduced to achieve the no-battery effect. A modified zero current switching based on the common-gate comparator is utilised to decrease the power dissipation of power metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors. In addition, the power dissipation of the main blocks is reduced by discontinuing the clocked and common-gate comparators after comparison in each cycle, and by making most transistors of DCO and the complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) voltage reference work in the weak inversion or linear region. The zero TC principle of the CMOS voltage reference is extended to all process. The novel convertor is designed and verified in Central Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation CMOS 0.18 µm process. The results reveal that it achieves adaptive MPPT without battery and exhibits a peak end-to-end efficiency of about 63%.
Starting Page	147
Ending Page	155
Page Count	9
ISSN	1751858X
Volume Number	10
e-ISSN	17518598
Issue Number	Issue 2, Mar (2016)
Alternate Webpage(s)	https://digital-library.theiet.org/content/journals/iet-cds/10/2
Alternate Webpage(s)	https://digital-library.theiet.org/content/journals/10.1049/iet-cds.2015.0058
Journal	IET Circuits, Devices & Systems
Publisher Date	2016-03-01
Access Restriction	Open
Rights Holder	© The Institution of Engineering and Technology
Subject Keyword	Adaptive Maximum Power Point Tracking Analogue Circuit Body Sensor Nodes Central Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation CMOS Integrated Circuit CMOS Voltage Reference Common-gate Comparator Comparators (circuits) Digital Circuit Digitally Controlled Oscillator Efficient Self-powered Converter Energy Harvesting Equivalent Voltage Half Open-circuit Voltage Insulated Gate Field Effect Transistors Maximum Power Point Trackers MPPT Oscillator Other Direct Energy Conversion Power Dissipation Power Electronics Power Metal–oxide–semiconductor Field-effect Transistors Power MOSFET Power Semiconductor Device Power Supply Rectifier Reference Circuit RF Kick-start Self-synchronous Rectifier Size 0.18 Mum Small Line Sensitivity Supervisory Circuit Switching Circuit Temperature Coefficient Thermoelectric Conversion Thermoelectric Generator Ultralow-voltage Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting Zero Current Switching
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Control and Systems Engineering Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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