NDLI: A modified spatial spread spectrum method for digital image watermarking

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Nguyen, T.T. Tuan, H.D.
Copyright Year	2008
Description	Author affiliation: Sch. of Electr. Eng. & Telecommun., New South Wales Univ., Sydney, NSW (Nguyen, T.T.; Tuan, H.D.)
Abstract	Spread spectrum is one of the most effective approaches for digital image watermarking because it satisfies the imperceptiveness, robustness as well as security requirements. Unfortunately, this method may be affected by interference from the cover image and completely fails in the case of having no watermark in the tested image. In addition, some proposed improvements to eliminate this interference are invalid for spatial image watermarking which obtains a low cost and is easy to adapt to real-time applications. This paper proposes a modified spatial spread spectrum method to overcome these disadvantages. By removing the mean value in the tested image, the proposed method reduces the interference and achieves a better error probability. Moreover, by using a flexible threshold in the detector, our method can work successfully even if the tested image is pure. We not only analyze and derive the closed-form expressions for the optimal threshold and the error probability, but also investigate various images and some common image attacks including noise, compression and filtering.
Starting Page	282
Ending Page	287
File Size	814895
Page Count	6
File Format	PDF
ISBN	9781424424252
DOI	10.1109/CCE.2008.4578973
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2008-06-04
Publisher Place	Vietnam
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	image processing Costs Error probability Digital images image watermarking Watermarking error probability Security spread spectrum Interference elimination optimization Spread spectrum communication Detectors Robustness Testing
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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