NDLI: Cooperation enforcement in ad hoc networks with penalty

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Dayou Qian Chi Zhou Jinsong Zhang
Copyright Year	2005
Description	Author affiliation: Inst. of Telecommun. & Inf. Technol., Florida Int. Univ., Miami, FL (Dayou Qian; Chi Zhou)
Abstract	To facilitate the multi-hop communications in mobile ad hoc networks, all the nodes in the networks need to cooperate and relay packets for other nodes. Unfortunately, there exist selfish nodes that may refuse to relay packets for others in order to save their own resources such as energy. Those non-cooperative behaviors will lower down the network performance significantly. Therefore, schemes need to be developed to enforce the cooperation of selfish nodes in the multi-hop communications. Credit-based algorithms have been proposed and are considered simple and effective. However, those schemes can lead to unbalanced credit distribution. That is, some nodes in hot areas can easily gain many credits so that they stop relaying for others, while some nodes in cold areas may gain few credits so that they are excluded from the network even if they are willing to cooperate. This paper aims to provide a solution to encourage the nodes in hot areas to stay in the network and help others relay the traffic. We impose a penalty for those non-cooperative nodes in order to force them to participate the communications. To further provide incentive for cooperative nodes to remain cooperative, we propose a game played by the nodes in the same layer. The imposed penalty depends on the outcome of the game. When a node chooses cooperation, the payoff it perceives is the reward from relay minus the cost resulting from the energy loss. When a node chooses not to cooperate, the payoff is the penalty. A node will select the option that generates larger payoff. Simulation results show that our scheme can enforce the nodes in hot areas to cooperate and also encourage cooperative nodes to remain cooperative
Starting Page	7
Ending Page	179
File Size	407807
Page Count	173
File Format	PDF
ISBN	0780394658
DOI	10.1109/MAHSS.2005.1542794
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2005-11-07
Publisher Place	USA
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Intelligent networks Waste materials Energy loss Costs Military computing Spread spectrum communication Telecommunication traffic Ad hoc networks Relays Information technology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
6	Contents and Copyright Issues	Queries related to content curation and copyright issues	content@ndl.gov.in
7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
8	Digital Preservation Centre (DPC)	Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books	dpc@ndl.gov.in
9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

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