NDLI: Semantic Gap between People: An Experimental Investigation Based on Image Annotation

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Theodosiou, Z. Kasapi, C. Tsapatsoulis, N.
Copyright Year	2012
Abstract	Image annotation still remains the method of preference in multimedia search despite the development of many content-based multimedia retrieval platforms. Manual annotation is an extremely labour-intensive and time consuming task while the annotation expresses the view of a particular annotator at a specific context and time. Although the semantic gap has attracted large amount of research interest, the age and gender gaps in manual annotation have not been examined in detail. The aim of this study was to explore the gender and age differences in (1) the way of annotating images and, (2) the inter-annotator agreement. Our questionnaire based survey was conducted using 40 Cypriot citizens divided into two age groups who were asked to annotate an image dataset using a vocabulary of 52 keywords. Our results indicate that there are age differences in the way people annotate images, while the gender differences are smaller than our assumptions. Furthermore, there is an adequate agreement among participants for both age and gender groups.
Starting Page	73
Ending Page	77
File Size	426460
Page Count	5
File Format	PDF
ISBN	9781467345637
DOI	10.1109/SMAP.2012.23
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2012-12-03
Publisher Place	Luxembourg
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Computers Vocabulary Gender and Age differences in image annotation Semantics Image retrieval Semantic gap Inter-annotator agreement Internet Reliability
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
6	Contents and Copyright Issues	Queries related to content curation and copyright issues	content@ndl.gov.in
7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
8	Digital Preservation Centre (DPC)	Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books	dpc@ndl.gov.in
9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

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