NDLI: Scrotal infrared digital thermography in varicocele

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Kulis, T. Kolaric, D. Karlovic, K. Knezevic, M. Antonini, S. Samardzic, J. Bitunjac, M. Jurjevic, M. Kastelan, Z.
Copyright Year	2012
Description	Author affiliation: Department of Urology, General hospital “Dr. Josip Bencevic”, Slavonski Brod, Croatia (Karlovic, K.; Knezevic, M.; Jurjevic, M.) \|\| Department of Urology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia (Kulis, T.; Kastelan, Z.) \|\| Department of Radiology, Primary Health Care Zagreb - Center, Zagreb, Croatia (Antonini, S.) \|\| Ruder Boskovic Institute, Centre for Informatics and Computing, Zagreb, Croatia (Kolaric, D.) \|\| Department of Neurology, General hospital “Dr. Josip Bencevic”, Slavonski Brod, Croatia (Bitunjac, M.) \|\| Department of Surgery, General hospital “Dr. Josip Bencevic”, Slavonski Brod, Croatia (Samardzic, J.)
Abstract	Varicocele is dilatation of pampiniform venous plexus. The incidence of varicocele is about 15% in male population. The main pathophysiological mechanism for impaired spermatogenesis is considered to be elevated scrotal temperature. Mainstay for diagnostic assessment of varicocele is physical examination and scrotal ultrasound/doppler. Thermography is a diagnostic method which measures temperature differences across the skin surface using a highly sensitive infrared camera. Aim of this study is to further analyse our diagnostic criteria for scrotal thermography in diagnosing varicocele in student population. Study group consisted of 55 patients of mean age 20.2±1.2 who are first or second year students. All patients were evaluated by three methods. Infrared digital thermography was followed by physical examination and ultrasound/doppler. Infrared camera Thermo Tracer TH7102WL (NEC Sanei Instruments, Ltd., Japan) was used during all measurements. This infrared system has a geometric resolution of 76.800 pixels per picture (320×240) and the minimum detectable temperature resolution (difference) is 0.07° C at 30°C (Normal mode). At physical examination 16 patients had varicocele. Scrotal thermography was positive of varicocele in 19 patients. In 16 patients it was positive of left sided varicocele and in three of bilateral varicocele. Comparative analysis confirmed varicocele at physical examination and scrotal thermography in 13 patients. Physical examination missed diagnosis in six patients while scrotal thermography failed to confirm varicocele in three patients with positive physical examination. In patients with left sided varicocele at scrotal thermography mean temperature at left pampiniform plexus was 34.1±0.6°C and at right pampiniform plexus 33.0±0.4°C. Temperature at left testicle was 33.3±0.7°C while at right testicle it was 32.9±0.7°C. Temperature difference between left and right pampiniform plexus in patients with positive left sided scrotal thermography was 1.1±0.7°C while in patients with negative scrotal thermography it was 0.4±0.7°C. Scrotal infrared digital thermography presents diagnostic method with possibly high sensitivity and specificity for varicocele. Further study on a larger number of patients and healthy participants is needed to evaluate this method as well as its applicability in postoperative settings.
Starting Page	349
Ending Page	351
File Size	102843
Page Count	3
File Format	PDF
ISBN	9781467312431
ISSN	13342630
e-ISBN	9789537044145
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2012-09-12
Publisher Place	Croatia
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	ELMAR (Electronics in Marines)
Subject Keyword	Temperature measurement Temperature sensors Varicocele Ultrasonic imaging Hospitals Sociology Cameras Statistics Thermography Scrotal temperature
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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