NDLI: Impact of VoIP services on the level of head exposure to radiation from 3G smartphones

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Abdulla, H. Badra, R.E.
Copyright Year	2011
Description	Author affiliation: Electronics and Circuits Department, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Caracas, Venezuela (Abdulla, H.; Badra, R.E.)
Abstract	Subscribers of 3G cellular systems are becoming increasingly attracted to the use of packetized voice services on their data-enabled wireless devices. Voice over IP (VoIP) cellular radio connections are characterized by a set of air interface parameters that may be quite different from those used by conventional, circuit-switched speech connections. This work is aimed at quantifying the impact of such differences on the level of non-ionizing radiation on the head of voice users. It follows a line of research that looks at the statistics of head exposure levels from a system perspective, that is, considering the cellular device not as an isolated piece of equipment but as a part of a cellular network. The study focuses on smartphones, and considers two types of packetized speech services, namely, VoIP using standard protocols and the proprietary system known as Skype®. The methodology employs Monte Carlo simulations of the radio uplink of a R'99 W-CDMA system, in combination with experimental radio emissions data from a group of popular devices. Results indicate that, as a general rule, VoIP connections always bring in an increase in key statistics of the level of emissions absorbed by the head of voice users, as compared to circuit-switched connections. Specifically, under a certain set of typical conditions, the increase in average radiation levels may be as high as 60%. As a result, a number of recommendations aimed at mitigating the rise in radio emissions associated to the use of VoIP instead of conventional voice services are formulated.
Starting Page	1
Ending Page	6
File Size	846117
Page Count	6
File Format	PDF
ISBN	9781612846873
e-ISBN	9781612846866
DOI	10.1109/PSES.2011.6088254
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2011-10-10
Publisher Place	USA
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Protocols Monte Carlo methods Cellular phones Power control Spread spectrum communication Multiaccess communication Gain
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
6	Contents and Copyright Issues	Queries related to content curation and copyright issues	content@ndl.gov.in
7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
8	Digital Preservation Centre (DPC)	Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books	dpc@ndl.gov.in
9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

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