NDLI: Delay-based Sub-grouping for NORM in Heterogeneous Networks

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Kulatunga, C. Fairhurst, G.
Copyright Year	2007
Description	Author affiliation: Univ. of Aberdeen, Aberdeen (Kulatunga, C.; Fairhurst, G.)
Abstract	The IETF Negative Acknowledgement (NACK) Oriented Reliable Multicast (NORM) protocol offers an attractive solution for small groups that do not have significant receiver heterogeneity. It avoids many of the problems associated with Asynchronous Layered Coding (ALC), such as complexity, Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) and routing overhead, lack of TCP friendliness and data duplication. NORM uses a combination of a representative and suppression based approach for reliability and congestion control to avoid multicast feedback implosion. The group's Maximum Round Trip Time (MRTT), maintained at the sender, becomes a metric in this scheme. A large MRTT makes the NORM services very unresponsive. NORM can also be deployed in a heterogeneous network environment where the RTT may differ considerably between sets of users in the network due to their differing propagation delay. An example is when some of the NORM receivers operate over a satellite network, driving the MRTT to a high value. In some satellite scenarios, e.g Digital Video Broadcast - Return Channel via Satellite (DVB-RCS), the feedback packets have to contest for return-path link access. This can lead to large variations in the RTT and results in a MRTT considerably higher than the average RTT. This paper investigates the situations where the NORM framework could be inefficient. By considering the impact on the MRTT, a new mechanism is proposed based on delay-based receiver grouping. This improves the performance of NORM in heterogeneous network environments, including those provided by DVB-RCS satellite networks.
Starting Page	131
Ending Page	135
File Size	608853
Page Count	5
File Format	PDF
ISBN	9781424409389
DOI	10.1109/IWSSC.2007.4409404
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2007-09-13
Publisher Place	Austria
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Satellite broadcasting Automatic logic units Delay-based Grouping Multicast protocols Loss measurement Maintenance Unicast Feedback Multicast Congestion Control NORM Routing protocols Internet Satellite Networks Digital video broadcasting
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
6	Contents and Copyright Issues	Queries related to content curation and copyright issues	content@ndl.gov.in
7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
8	Digital Preservation Centre (DPC)	Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books	dpc@ndl.gov.in
9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

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