NDLI: Fibre-optical analogue of the event horizon

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Leonhardt, U. Philbin, T.G. Kuklewicz, C.E. Robertson, S. Hill, S. Konig, F.
Copyright Year	2009
Description	Author affiliation: University of St Andrews, North Haugh, KY16 9SS, UK (Leonhardt, U.; Philbin, T.G.; Kuklewicz, C.E.; Robertson, S.; Hill, S.; Konig, F.)
Abstract	In 1974 Stephen Hawking published in Nature [1] a theoretical prediction that has been one of the intellectually most influential and tantalizing results of theoretical astrophysics: he predicted that black holes are not black, but they radiate due to the physics of the quantum vacuum. The vacuum is teeming with virtual quanta that are continuously created and annihilated, but if they are created on opposite sides of the event horizon they can no longer annihilate each other and are forced to materialize. The quanta constitute a radiation with a characteristic temperature; the black hole is a black-body radiator. Hawking’s theory supports Bekenstein’s idea [2] that the horizon carries entropy that is proportional to its area. Hawking’s effect thus connects three vastly different areas of physics — thermodynamics, quantum mechanics and general relativity. In modern attempts for finding a quantum theory of gravity, such as loop quantum gravity [3] and superstring theory [4], the correct prediction of the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy has been used as a benchmark. However, the Hawking temperature of solar-mass black holes lies about eight orders of magnitude below the temperature of the cosmic microwave background; so, most probably, there is no chance of directly observing Hawking radiation in astrophysics. The benchmark of some of the most advanced theories of physics seems destined to remain theory.
Starting Page	219
Ending Page	220
File Size	687080
Page Count	2
File Format	PDF
ISBN	9781424426102
DOI	10.1109/LEOSWT.2009.4771736
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2009-01-12
Publisher Place	Austria
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Optical fibers Astrophysics Refractive index Quantum mechanics Optical variables control Rivers Optical refraction Nonlinear optics Marine animals Physics
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
6	Contents and Copyright Issues	Queries related to content curation and copyright issues	content@ndl.gov.in
7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
8	Digital Preservation Centre (DPC)	Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books	dpc@ndl.gov.in
9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

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