NDLI: The use of lead-tin alloys in VRLA batteries for extreme telecommunication applications

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Fleming, F.A. May, G.J. Muneret, X.
Copyright Year	1997
Description	Author affiliation: Hawker Energy Products Inc., Warrensburg, MO, USA (Fleming, F.A.)
Abstract	Pure lead VRLA technology has for many years provided long life and reliability in traditional telecommunication DC power systems. These systems are usually centrally located with the batteries housed under environmentally controlled conditions with rectifiers providing thermally compensated float voltage. As telecommunication technology evolves, the requirement for the traditional centralized facility is decreasing and the need for decentralized, street level, locations is increasing. Consequently the demands on the battery system have become more onerous. The design of the VRLA battery has had to be modified in order to cope with the changing performance requirements. In, particular the ability to withstand temperature extremes, regular deep cycling and periods of deep discharge has become a necessity for a successful telecommunication battery. This paper demonstrates that the inclusion of a small percentage of tin into the positive grid of pure lead VRLA products greatly enhances the products capability of meeting these increasingly demanding requirements. A reduction in float life by an increased rate of positive grid corrosion, however, has to be compensated for by modifying the grid design in order to achieve design life.
Starting Page	182
Ending Page	188
File Size	1077948
Page Count	7
File Format	PDF
ISBN	0780339967
DOI	10.1109/INTLEC.1997.645885
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	1997-10-23
Publisher Place	Australia
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Lead Batteries Power system reliability Centralized control Voltage control Control systems Telecommunication control Rectifiers Temperature Fault location
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
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3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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