NDLI: Reversible and tunable scrambling-embedding method

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	SimYing Ong KokSheik Wong Tanaka, K.
Copyright Year	2013
Description	Author affiliation: Fac. of Comp. Sci. & Inf. Tech., Univ. of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (SimYing Ong; KokSheik Wong) \|\| Fac. of Eng., Shinshu Univ., Nagano, Japan (Tanaka, K.)
Abstract	This paper proposes a reversible unified method to scramble an image and embed information into it using row and column rotation methods. Each row (column) is divided into groups and rotated to the left (bottom) to distort the image. Unique states are derived during the rotation process and utilized to embed external information. In the decoding process, the pixel correlations in the vertical and horizontal directions are exploited to reconstruct the original image and extract the embedded information. The proposed method is able to control the output image quality to achieve its intended distortion using the control parameters. Experiments are conducted to verify the basic performance of the proposed method. Our previously proposed method is adopted to further improve the proposed method in terms of payload and quality degradation of the output image. It is verified that the original image can be perfectly reconstructed and the proposed method itself is able to achieve an average effective payload up to ~9015.0 bits. SSIM and PSNR values are measured to determine the range of achievable distortion using different parameters.
Starting Page	608
Ending Page	613
File Size	2746638
Page Count	6
File Format	PDF
e-ISBN	9781467363617
DOI	10.1109/ISPACS.2013.6704622
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2013-11-12
Publisher Place	Japan
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	PSNR Correlation Decoding Encoding Data mining Payloads Image coding
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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