NDLI: Proton/electron mass ratio and the electron's "atomic mass"

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Proceedings of Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements Digest

Proton/electron mass ratio and the electron's "atomic mass"

A review of realizations and comparisons of Josephson array voltage standards

The 1s Lamb shift of hydrogen-like very heavy ions measured at an electron cooler

Spectroscopy of the 1s-2s splitting in muonium

Anomalous magnetic moment of the muon and hyperfine structure and Zeeman effect in ground state muonium

Feasibility study on an indirect quantum standard of the ampere

A new millisecond pulsar observation system at CRL

GPS time precision enhancement between Telecommunication Laboratories, R.O.C. and Communication Research Laboratory, Japan

Resonant frequencies and Q factors of dielectric parallelepipeds by measurement and by FDTD

Interlocking Rogowski coils: a fool's transformer

Analysis and calculation of magnetic shielding effectiveness for comparators

An automatic bridge for inductive voltage dividers

Progress report on the linear ion trap extended (LITE)

Progress in absolute determination of /spl Phi//sub 0/ using superconducting magnetic levitation

A contribution in replacing the kilogram by means of the voltage balance ETF

The present watt balance: a measure of its resolution

The NPL moving-coil watt balance

Noise reduction in an optical interferometer for picometer measurements

Prototype of a large ring laser for geoscientific applications

High sensitivity fiber-optic magnetic field sensors based on iron garnets

Photonic electrode-less passive electric field sensor

International comparison of standard capacitors in Asia/Pacific metrology programme

Precision automated capacitance bridges for the low frequency range at the PTB

Realization and maintenance of the unit of capacitance with the PTB cross capacitor during the last ten years

Design and performance evaluation of the NIST digital impedance bridge

Silicon lattice measurement with an X-ray/optical interferometer in a vacuum [Avogadro constant determination]

Absolute measurements of the densities of silicon crystals in vacuum for a determination of the Avogadro constant

A determination of the Avogadro constant

The IMGC volume-density standards for the Avogadro constant

A more accurate value for the Avogadro constant

Stability transfer of stabilized Ar+ laser on optically pumped I/sub 2/ laser. Towards frequency standard around 1,3 /spl mu/m

Effect of defocus on near-field measurement of fiber mode field diameters

1.4-1.7 /spl mu/m, <2 ps white pulse generation for multiwavelength pulse source using supercontinuum in a single-mode optical fiber

Characterization of photoreceivers used in lightwave instrumentation

Standards to support lightwave communications

Calibration of inductive voltage dividers at extremely low frequencies

High-frequency calibration of inductive voltage dividers

An automated high-frequency inductive voltage divider

Transformer bridge for the high-accuracy comparisons of standard resistors at low frequencies

Audio-frequency analysis of inductive voltage dividers based on structural models

Characterization of radiometer using 8-term linear model

Precise determination of the power transmission coefficient of low-loss passive linear two-ports by RF noise power and RF attenuation measurement techniques

Proposal of up-to-date standards on methods of measuring noise in linear two-ports

Effective efficiency measurement results conducted on a X-band thin film waveguide barretter mount developed at NPL, New Delhi

Measurements on indoor reception of broadcast signals at 800 MHz

Airborne radar in-flight antenna pattern testing

An analysis of some errors of antenna patterns restored by measurements on near zone plane

A new PTB reference RF-field sensor up to 1 GHz compared to metrological characteristics of commercial sensors

Vectorial calibration of 3-D magnetic field sensor arrays

Directly time domain antenna measurement technique

30 MHz-1000 MHz half-wave dipole antenna calibration system in anechoic chamber

Accuracy and calibration considerations for ground based sensing of water vapor in the stratosphere and mesosphere

ZnSe magneto optic sensor for measurements of 50 Hz to 100 Hz magnetic fields

Characterization of the InGaAs detector to be used as a radiometric transfer etalon

Development of a clamp-on magneto-optical current transducer for power systems

A new optical wavelength ratio measurement apparatus: the fringe counting sigmameter

Optical detector nonlinearity: a comparison of five methods

High accuracy absolute laser powermeter calibrated over the whole range

Tunable phase-locked diode lasers for precision spectroscopy

Noise performance and chopper frequency in integrated micromachined chopper-detectors in silicon

Vibrational phase analysis of multipoints on vibrating object using laser-diode displacement meters

Digital signal processing for fiber-optic thermometers

On the development of the rubidium frequency standards

Cryogenic hydrogen maser

Trapping and laser cooling of Ca/sup +/ ions toward future optical frequency standards: observation of clock transitions

RF-trap apparatus for optical frequency standards

Mass spectrometry at and below 0.1 parts per billion

Linking an automatic noise power measuring system to primary noise standards facilities: comparison of noise power measurements between PTB (Germany) and CMS (Taiwan, R.O.C.) in the radio frequency range between 2.0 GHz and 18.0 GHz

Measuring amplifier noise on a noise source calibration radiometer

Uncertainties of the NIST coaxial noise calibration system

A calibration method of microwave noise sources with different types of connectors

An original passive device for on-wafer noise parameter measurement verification

Improved determination of fine structure constant based on the electron g-2 and muonium hyperfine structure

A portable and stable source of AC voltage, current and power

A new wattmeter for traceable power measurements at audio frequencies

A new self-calibrating standard instrument for current transformer calibration

Relative accuracy of isolated and unisolated noise comparison radiometers

A computer-controlled current-comparator-based load loss standard for calibrating high-voltage power measurement systems

Power and energy meters and their calibration

Achieving high precision in NMR flux density and /spl gamma/'/sub p/ measurements-accounting for the asymmetric line

Progress on the measurement of proton gyromagnetic ratio at KRISS

Measuring the gravitational acceleration by superconducting magnetic levitation system

Precision calculations of frequencies for Balmer's transitions in hydrogen and Rydberg constant

Leading logarithmic corrections to the muonium hyperfine splitting and to the hydrogen Lamb shift

Corrections to hyperfine splitting and Lamb shift induced by diagrams with second order radiative insertions in the electron line

Corrections of order /spl alpha//sup 2/(Z/spl alpha/)/sup 5/ to the Lamb shift in hydrogen

Does the gravitational "constant" vary as the square of the frequency of light used in its observation ?

The extended-least-squares treatment of correlated data

Frequency comparison between Cs and Mg atomic standards

Construction of CCC resistance ratio bridge

Cryogenic current comparator for QHR determination at NML

Study of cryogenic current comparators with different SQUIDs

Adaptive current sources and feedback applied to the cryogenic current comparator

Frequency dependence of some 100 /spl Omega/ resistors measured with a CCC-based AC resistance bridge

Resistance scaling up to 1 M/spl Omega/ at PTB with a cryogenic current comparator

Analysis of the breakdown of the IQHE in wide GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures

Precise indirect measurements of quantized Hall resistance ratio R/sub H/(i=1)/R/sub H/(i=2) in GaAs-based sample

AC measurements of the residual longitudinal resistivity of different GaAs-based samples in the QHE regime between 3 Hz and 100 kHz

Improved resistance comparison system at Gakushuin University and a new determination of the quantized Hall resistance in terms of the NML OHM

Monitoring the 1 /spl Omega/ standard resistor by quantum Hall effect

A high precision comparison of the quantized Hall resistance of MOSFET and GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure devices [measurement units application]

Improvements in the realization of the quantized-Hall resistance standard at OFMET

Automated measurement of capacitance from 500 pF to 40 mF

High stability current control in the 10 A range

A unified principle for establishing a phase shift standard for frequencies ranging from high to ultra-low combining two types of phase (frequency) division

The accurate measurement of a micromechanical force using force-sensitive capacitances

Ultralow-frequency design of the Wien bridge oscillator using switched capacitors

Cross conductivity standard for nonferrous metals at NIM

A sensor self-heating method for lead's resistance compensation in two wires RTD's measurements

A high-accuracy harmonic analyzer prototype eased on FAFT

Diode lasers for precision spectroscopy of calcium

Synthesis of the frequency of the Ca intercombination line (/spl lambda/=657,5 nm)

Systematic errors in NIST-7

Evaluation of techniques for bonding wires to quantized Hall resistors

Two-way time transfer experiments via meteor burst communication

One-way time transfer using geostationary satellites: evolution of the experiment on the satellite TDF2

Time transfer in India using satellite-TV signals in a common view mode

Intelsat two-way time transfer experiments between Japan, Korea and Taiwan

Initial evaluation of the "bottoms up" time recovery technique

A globally efficient and effective means of maintaining the SI second and UTC time

A microwave technique for measuring three-phase saturations in cylindrical cores

Detection optimization of disbond in layered composites with varying thicknesses using an open-ended rectangular waveguide

The coplanar waveguide (CPW) technique for wideband dielectric measurement: a new concept

Characterization of the layered dielectrics using an open-ended coaxial line sensor

Measurement of complex permittivity of materials using an open-ended coaxial probe: test of an analytic model

A novel microwave fatigue crack detection technique using an open-ended coaxial line

A high precision dc voltage measurement system in JJAVS

Monitoring industrial voltage standards by transporting Zener references calibrated by ETL Josephson standard

Transportable dc voltage standard based on commercially available Zener diodes

Investigation of dc precise voltage sources for use as Zener transport standard

A transfer device for 10 V Josephson array measurements

Automated quantum Hall resistance standard

The 2/sup nd/ APMP resistance intercomparison

An accurate, self-checking digital teraohmmeter

Precision interferometric frequency measurement of the 674 nm /sup 2/S/sub 1/2/-/sup 2/D/sub 5/2/ transition in a single cold Sr/sup +/ ion

Optical double-resonance on single cold ions

Progress toward a cryogenic /sup 199/Hg/sup +/ ion frequency standard

Very-high Q microwave resonances in trapped /sup 171/Yb/sup +/ ions: application as a microwave frequency standard

Absolute frequency control of a 1560 nm (192 THz) semiconductor laser locked to a rubidium absorption line interrogated by a second harmonic generated signal

Accurate CO/sub 2/ laser frequencies and molecular constants of regular and new hot-band lines

Frequency measurement of pure rotational transitions of H/sub 2/O from 0.5 to 5 THz

A redetermination of the Newtonian gravitational constant at the Los Alamos National Laboratory

A measurement of Newton's gravitational constant

The gravitational force at mass separation from 0.6 m to 2.1 m and the precise measurement of G

A new determination of the gravitational constant G

Advancements in picosecond resolution time interval measurement techniques

Picosecond time domain measurements using GaAs FET sampler

Measurement performance of a millimetric dual six-port network analyzer in the W frequency band (75-110 GHz)

Active probes for on-wafer millimeter-wave network analysis

Multi-variance analysis: last improvements and practical utilization

Wavelet analysis for synchronization and timekeeping

European two-way satellite time transfer experiments using the Intelsat (VA-F13) satellite at 307/spl deg/E

Measurements and analysis of the frequency stability of GPS Navstar clocks

Minimizing time dilation shift in Penning trap atomic clocks

Sympathetic cooling of trapped ions with resonant laser radiation [frequency standard application]

Laser cooling of a natural isotope-mixture of Yb/sup +/ stored in a RF trap

Rabi pedestal shifts as a diagnostic tool for primary frequency standards

Spatial variations of field polarization and phase in microwave cavities: application to the cesium fountain cavity

Analysis of the dual heater isothermal AC/DC converter

Development of an AC/DC transfer system at the INTI

A high-speed TVC system for full-range AC traceability

BCR intercomparison of ac-dc current transfer standards

Programmable digitally synthesized source for low-frequency calibrations

A thermal watt-transfer standard

An ac/dc active attenuator for comparison of TVC with different input voltages

A thin-film dual heater ac-dc converter with infrared sensor

Design and optimization of range resistors for a multijunction thermal converter

AC-DC difference characteristics of high-voltage thermal voltage converters

Performance of multilayer thin-film multijunction thermal converters

The ITS-90 realisation. A survey

Density and polarisability of helium gas and the Boltzmann constant

Optically pumped /sup 3/He NMR and the Bohr magneton

Determination of the Rydberg constant by direct frequency measurement

The 1993 atomic mass tables and beyond

SMILETRAP-a wide range high precision mass spectrometer

NIST comparison of resistances based on the calculable capacitor and the quantum Hall effect

Measuring the fine structure constant, /spl alpha/, using helium fine structure

Determination of the fine structure constant by measuring the quotient of the Planck constant and the neutron mass

Development of a fast-reversed-dc current source

Thermal wattmeter with direct AC/DC power conversion

High accuracy low-voltage ac-dc transfer standards

Integrated thin-film micropotentiometers

Calibration of rf field strength meters

High performance near field measurements for antennas and microstrip circuits

Antenna measurements: a comparison of far-field, compact range and near-field techniques

Antenna standards and laboratories in Europe

Nonadiabatic heating in electron turnstiles and pumps

Operation method of three-gate single electron pump

Parity-controlled charge modulation of the supercurrent in the single electron transistor

Metrological applications of single electron tunneling

Integrated micromachined accurate electrostatic true rms-to-dc converter

An electrometric method for precise ac/dc transfer measurements

A very low frequency ac-dc transfer standard

Improved vacuum thermocouples

Current developments in accurate AC-DC transfer measurements

Distribution of dielectric relaxation times and the moment problem

FDTD analysis of open-ended dielectric sensors

Non-destructive permittivity measurement of substrates

Dielectric properties of materials at cryogenic temperatures and microwave frequencies

Recent developments in RF and microwave dielectric measurements at the UK National Physical Laboratory

Electrical to mechanical power equation by voltage systems: oscillatory solutions

On a draft of a superconducting magnetic levitation system intended to monitor stability of the unit of mass

Experimental determinations of the quantity M//spl rho/ for silicon single crystals used in the determination of the Avogadro constant

A new method to measure silicon lattice spacings and possible new definition of the kilogram: scheme and progress

Update on crystal lattice measurements at NIST

The silicon (220) lattice spacing: analysis of a new measurement

The silicon-28 path to the Avogadro constant-first experiments and outlook

Improved optical frequency standards at 612 nm

Resonances with sub-natural line width in iodine vapour driven by a polyharmonic laser light field at /spl lambda/=515 nm

International comparison of /sup 127/I/sub 2/-stabilized He-Ne lasers at /spl lambda/=633 nm using the third and/or the fifth harmonic locking technique

Spectroscopy of /sup 127/I/sub 2/ hyperfine structure near 532 nm using frequency-doubled diode-laser-pumped Nd:YAG lasers

LPTF frequency synthesis chain: results and improvement for the near future

Development of laser diode sources for small-size Ca optical frequency standards

Frequency stabilization of a diode laser using the Zeeman shift of saturated absorption spectra of the /sup 87/Rb atom

Progress towards mobile ultra-stable lasers

New results of absolute measurement of unperturbed frequency of F/sub 2//sup (2/) P(7)/spl nu//sub 3/-transition in methane with accuracy of 10/sup -13/

Accuracy of the computer controlled laser frequency standards based on resolved hyperfine structure of a methane line

Study of a 196.0 THz (1529 nm) frequency standard based on an optically pumped rubidium vapor

Broadband frequency measurement in the near infrared using point contact Schottky diode

Fast stabilization of a CO/sub 2/ laser for a frequency standard at 10 /spl mu/m

Accurate far-infrared rotational frequencies of carbon monoxide in excited vibrational states

A false balance avoidance transductor for measuring large DC currents

Automated calibration methods for a high-voltage Park divider

A low-current precision DC, AC and DC/AC clamp-on measurement sensor

A 25 kHz-500 kHz, 0.001 to 0.75 power factor, 10 MW wattmeter

A measuring system for in-situ calibration of high voltage transformers

A measuring system for calibration of power analyzers

Measurements of high voltage impulses (400 kV): implementation of a calibration test procedure

Synthesis of cyclically symmetric five-ports

Large signal load-pull measurements using six-port reflectometers

A broad-band time-domain spectroscopy

A Josephson voltage standard in multichip technology

A potential new frequency/wavelength standard at 778 nm: Doppler free two-photon transitions in rubidium

Portable He-Ne/CH/sub 4/ frequency standard on cold particles

Developing an optical frequency standard at 532 nm

Calcium optical frequency standard

Intercomparison of two iodine-stabilized He-Ne lasers at /spl lambda/=543 nm

Measurement of the absolute frequency of molecular iodine transitions near 532 nm

Precision measurement of the hydrogen and deuterium 1S-2S transition with a phase locked laser frequency chain

A possibility of reducing the effect of interrogation phase noise on the frequency stability in passive frequency standards

Power stabilised exceptionally high stability cryogenic sapphire resonator oscillator

Zeeman coherences and dark states in optically pumped cesium frequency standards

A cesium fountain frequency standard: preliminary results

Microcalorimetric measurement of the effective efficiency of microwave power sensors comprising thermocouples

The accurate measurement of high attenuations at radio frequencies

Comparison between a vector multiport network analyzer and the national S-parameter: measurement system

Analysis of heretofor unsolved electromagnetic simulation problems in high performance multichip modules and printed circuit boards: simulation and measurement of power plane noise and internal inductance

Compound material for electromagnetic shielding in electrical and cryoelectronical applications

Systematic errors of long thin coaxial cables for the connection of four-terminal-pair devices

A high-temperature superconductor cryogenic current comparator

Comparison of quantum Hall effect resistance standards of the BNM/LCIE and the BIPM

A miniature optically pumped cesium beam resonator: first results

Accuracy evaluation of the LPTF optically pumped primary frequency standard

Uncertainty evaluation of the PTB primary clocks CS3 and CS4

Different schemes and structure of the accuracy budget in cesium frequency standards

Error corrected impedance measurements with a network analyzer

An automatic procedure for a calibration of a network analyzer

Self-calibration of six-port reflectometers using active loads

A de-embedding technique for reflection-based S-parameters measurements of microwave devices

Calibration technique using new calculable standard for RF reflectometers fitted with GPC-7 connectors

New RF and microwave metrology at PTB

Influence of the device-width on the accuracy of quantization in the integer quantum Hall effect

Quadrature bridge for the comparison of quantum Hall resistors with capacitors

AC measurements of the quantized Hall resistance

DC and AC quantum Hall measurements

A high quality 1-V Josephson series array developed at KRISS

A 10 V calibration system using 1 V Josephson array at KRISS

1-V Josephson voltage standard at IEN

The performance and reliability of NIST 10-V Josephson arrays

1-V and 10-V Josephson junction array voltage standard at NIM

New Zealand's 1 V Josephson array voltage standard

Running and testing of Josephson voltage standard series arrays

Josephson noise thermometry with HTS devices

Comparisons of 10 V Josephson array voltage standards between the BNM/LCIE and the BIPM

Development and investigation of Nb-Al-oxide-Nb Josephson junction arrays [voltage standard application]

A new VLBI data acquisition and processing system, K-4

Applications of a multi-state termination to microwave metrology

International comparison GT-RF 75-B3: reflection coefficient at 300, 600 and 1000 MHz in 75 ohm coaxial line

International comparison GT-RF 75A4: reflection coefficient in 14 mm/50 ohm coaxial line at 0.5 GHz, 3 GHz and 7 GHz

Non-interfering thermo-electric measurements on power hybrid microwave devices

The new solar radio spectrograph at Hiraiso

International comparisons at low voltage (0.001 V) and high voltage (100 V) in coaxial line at 30 MHz

Bandwidth enhancement of single-shot data acquisition systems by deconvolution of system response

A high sensitivity sapphire transducer for vibration measurements

Set of high-quality corrugated resonators for measurements at millimeter-wave band

A study of the stability of some Zener-diode based voltage standards

Josephson D/A converter with fundamental accuracy [voltage standard]

Development of the 10-V Josephson junction array at ETL

The proposed use of GPS to provide the frequency traceability for a Josephson Array Voltage Standard

A U.S. intercomparison of Josephson Array Voltage Standards

Intercomparisons of Josephson Array Voltage Standards: EUROMET project 199

Proceedings of Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements Digest

Using the modified measuring setup at the PTB

Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements

1988 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements

Proton/electron mass ratio and the electron's "atomic mass"

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Van Dyck Jr., R.S. Farnham, D.L. Schwinberg, P.B.
Copyright Year	1994
Description	Author affiliation: Dept. of Phys., Washington Univ., Seattle, WA, USA (Van Dyck, R.S., Jr.; Farnham, D.L.; Schwinberg, P.B.)
Abstract	Summary form only given. The heart of the Penning trap mass spectrometer (PTMS) is a well-machined, quadrupole trap with hyperbolic surfaces of revolution formed about a common axis of symmetry. Equally as important from the point of view of precision, a strong magnetic field, aligned along this trap axis, must be highly stable and uniform. For our present solenoid, the long term drift is /spl sim/0.1-0.3 ppb/h and short-term fluctuations are <1 ppb. We are now using a quite uniform magnetic field (with B/sub 2/<2 G/cm/sup 2/). Also, a significant improvement in the X-band microwave system (multiplied up to 160 GHz) now allows us to use the relativistic mass shift (equivalent to /spl sim/-10 G/cm/sup 2/) in order to observe the electron's cyclotron frequency with a precision of /spl plusmn/5 ppb per measurement and with systematics that are expected to be at least an order of magnitude less than that obtained in our previous work. The comparison ion in this case is a fully stripped carbon atom such that the electron's atomic mass can be directly determined upon correcting for lost electrons and their binding energies. At the present time, our typical single measurement precision for the C/sup 6+/ cyclotron frequency is about /spl plusmn/1 ppb which yields a relative precision on the order of 0.2 ppb after a 24-h data-period. Altogether, the typical measurement precision of the electron/carbon comparison now exceeds 1 ppb (using about 100 h of data). To obtain m/sub p//m/sub e/, a comparison is made with the proton's atomic mass which has an accepted value with an accuracy of 0.5 ppb. Thus, an improvement in this important fundamental constant is expected to be an order of magnitude, limited only by our estimate of residual systematics.
File Size	109587
File Format	PDF
ISBN	0780319842
DOI	10.1109/CPEM.1994.333166
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	1994-06-27
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Protons Electron traps Atomic measurements Magnetic fields Cyclotrons Frequency measurement Heart Mass spectroscopy Solenoids Fluctuations
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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