NDLI: Amplification and generation without population inversion in two- and three-level atomic media in a strong polyharmonic light field

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The MSL measurement of Newton's gravitational constant

A proposal for G measurement with a freely swinging pendulum

Measuring Planck's constant and monitoring the kilogram at NPL

Transportable He-Ne/CH/sub 4/-CO/sub 2/-laser frequency standard

Refinements to the use of the NML calculable capacitor in relation to SI ohm determinations

NIST comparison of the quantized Hall resistance and the realization of the SI ohm through the calculable capacitor

A determination of the SI value of QHR by the cross-capacitor in NIM

Fine structure constant obtained from an improved calculation of the electron g-2

Change of the working temperature of the IEN primary group of standard resistors

Grounding resistance measuring instrument controlled by a microcomputer and a bias magnetic regulator

A low thermal guarded scanner for high resistance measurement systems

Pressure dependence of metal foil based 100 /spl Omega/ precision standard resistors

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The development of the precise standard cell that can be upset down

Establishment of the volt at CENAM of Mexico

A noise-adaptive digital null detector

The state standard of magnetic induction unit

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Fluxgate magnetometer for low frequency magnetic EMC-measurements

Set-up for 3-dimensional positioning of magnetometer sensors

Spectral analyses used for fluxgate sensors with a computer aided measurement system

Computations of the accuracy of VSM

Fluxgate magnetometric circuit for measurement of d.c. and low frequency magnetic field

The basis of Croatian electromagnetic metrology

The need and use of intrinsic standards in U.S. industry

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Calibration of multifunctional and multirange measuring instruments-the method of functional blocks for choosing optimal calibration points

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Walsh functions based algorithm for distance protection, relay characteristic in Walsh domain

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Dielectric resonator antenna for material characterization

Material characterisation from -160/spl deg/C up to 800/spl deg/C in centimeter and millimeter wavelength frequency band

New cell of precision microwave dielectric substrates testing

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Calculation of Kramers-Kronig relations with conjugated sampling series

International comparisons of He-Ne lasers stabilized with /sup 127/I/sub 2/ at /spl lambda//spl ap/633 nm

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Iodine stabilized He-Ne laser at 633 nm with simple line-locking device and the intercomparison results

A compact iodine stabilized He-Ne laser for inter comparisons

A transportable Ca optical frequency standard

Development of a portable optical frequency standard with a small calcium cell

High-sensitive spectroscopy of I/sub 2/-molecule by a power-stabilized diode laser

Saturation spectroscopy of molecular iodine at 532 nm by Nd:YAG lasers and their application for frequency stabilization

Iodine-stabilized extended cavity diode lasers at /spl lambda/=633 nm

Intracavity iodine cell spectroscopy with an extended-cavity diode laser near 633 nm

Studies of hyperfine structure in molecular iodine

Asymmetry of resonances in iodine and unperturbed molecular transition realized by He-Ne/I/sub 2/ laser at 633 nm

Determination of saturation parameter in iodine and precise molecular linewidth study based on frequency measurements of He-Ne/I/sub 2/ standard at 633 nm

Enhancement of single mode selection efficiency of He-Ne and He-Ne/I/sub 2/ lasers

Absorption of I/sub 2/ in the spectral region around 670 nm

The materialization of the Metre at BNM-INM, the French National Institute for wavelength metrology

Optical frequency (wavelength) standard, based on group of He-Ne//sup 127/J/sub 2/ lasers with /spl lambda/=633 nm

Frequency differences and reproducibility investigation on iodine stabilized He-Ne lasers at 474 THz (633 nm) with compatible system of third and fifth harmonic locking

Frequency stabilization of He-Ne lasers

Measurement laser complex for reproduction and transfer of the size of the length unit in the great lengths area

Implementation of modulation transfer technique at the IMGC

Amplitude noise and linewidth reduction of an Ar/sup +/ laser

On using high-harmonic technique for laser frequency stabilization on absorption lines of hyperfine structure

Frequency stabilization of 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser using Cs/sub 2/ absorption

Second-harmonic generation at 1560 nm using a KNbO/sub 3/ crystal in a resonant ring cavity for frequency-locking to a rubidium D/sub 2/-line component

Diode lasers with external optical feedback for small displacement measurements

A new refractometer by combining a variable length vacuum cell and a double-pass Michelson interferometer

Beam-astigmatism in laser interferometry

Non-incremental interferometric distance meter

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Atomic trapping in a two-dimensional magneto-optical trap

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Study of the Michelson resonator dispersion of an absorption-cell multimode laser with a strong intermode coupling

Progress toward an AC Josephson voltage standard

Optimized 1 V and 10 V Josephson series arrays

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A compact transportable Josephson voltage standard

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Accurate comparisons of quantized Hall resistances at 1.6 kHz

Low-frequency measurements of the quantized Hall resistance

Evaluation of the AC quantized Hall resistance

AC QHE-based calibration of resistance standards

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Intercomparison of silicon samples from the Avogadro project

International intercomparison of silicon density standards

Prompt (n, /spl gamma/)-spectrometry for the isotopical analysis of silicon crystals for the Avogadro-project

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Dimensional measurements of a silicon sphere

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Precise laser spectroscopy of hydrogen and singly-ionized helium

High resolution spectroscopy of the hydrogen atom

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Toward a space clock using cold cesium atoms: the Pharao project

Shift of the Cs hyperfine transition frequency due to thermal radiation: experimental verification

The high C-field Cs beam resonator at the Politecnico di Torino

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Measurements of the dielectric relaxation spectra of nine liquids and binary mixtures at 20/spl deg/C and microwave frequencies

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Measurement and analysis of magnetic fields from stimulated peripheral nerves

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High Tc harmonic mixer applied to Josephson junction array voltage standard at NIM

Precise measurement of the accuracy of 24 bit ADC by AC Josephson effect

Improved Josephson array step selection methods

Determination of step number in DC voltage measurement using Josephson junction array voltage standard

The Josephson array voltage standard at the NMi Van Swinden Laboratorium

The NPL 10 V Josephson junction array voltage standard

Comparison of 10 V calibrations between KRISS and ETL

Improvements of Josephson voltage standard in national metrology centre (NMC) Singapore

The Australian voltage standard using a 1 V Josephson array

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Measurement of electro-refraction in GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum well waveguide structures

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Quantization test of a Hall device by ac measurements of the longitudinal resistance

Experimental study of quantum current standard at ETL

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The study of photon induced quantized current using an STM

Fabrication of single-electron tunneling devices

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Performance of the cesium frequency standards and intercomparison system in the time and frequency laboratory of the CENAM (Mexico)

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A new method for the measurement of very low speeds using a multiple-electrode capacitive sensor

Sensor for high-air-humidity measurement

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Experimental thermal converter with quartz crystal temperature sensor

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1996 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS DIGEST - SUPPLEMENT

A new experiment to measure G by means of a beam balance

Comparison of the Josephson voltage standards of the Sveriges Provnings och Forskningsinstitut and the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures

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The NIST watt balance: progress toward monitoring the kilogram

Frequency metrology via quantum interference in two-photon excitation

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Corrections of order /spl alpha//sup 2/(Z/spl alpha/)/sup 5/ to hyperfine splitting in muonium and to the hydrogen Lamb shift

1996 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS DIGEST - SUPPLEMENT II

A novel torsion balance for the measurement of the Newtonian gravitational constant

The measurement of G

Procedure to calibrate a network-analyzer for the measurement of voltages at any impedance

Proceedings of Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements Digest

Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements

1988 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements

Amplification and generation without population inversion in two- and three-level atomic media in a strong polyharmonic light field

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Pulkin, S.A. Toptygina, G.I. Uvarova, S.V. Korotkov, V.I. Vitushkin, L.F.
Copyright Year	1996
Description	Author affiliation: D.I. Mendeleyev Inst. for Metrol., St. Petersburg, Russia (Pulkin, S.A.)
Abstract	The paper deals with non-linear laser spectroscopy of atoms in strong polyharmonic quasi-resonance laser field. The main goals are a theoretical study of the emission amplification effects in two- and three-level atomic media without population inversion, a calculation of the generation parameters at adjacent transitions in such spectral regions and such media where it is impossible or complicated to create usual lasers, e.g. in the UV and X-ray spectral region. Theoretical calculations show that the amplification effects without inversion in polyharmonic fields are connected with atom emission during transitions between the quasi-energy states into which the usual levels are splitted under the influence of a strong polyharmonic field. There are also transitions between quasi-energy sublevels and usual atomic levels. Hence, generation is possible in the spectral region which does not coincide with the pumping region (e.g., in a three-level system). Some of these conclusions have been already checked experimentally. Supernarrow resonances in the atomic susceptibility spectrum are found out experimentally and calculated theoretically. This is a new type of nonlinear resonances which can be used to stabilize the laser frequency, to receive generation without inversion in twoand three-level media. On the basis of the experiments, it is intended to build new stabilized coherent emission sources in the media without population inversion in the UV spectral region on the atoms of alkali-earth elements.
File Size	65661
File Format	PDF
ISBN	0780333764
DOI	10.1109/CPEM.1996.546656
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	1996-06-17
Publisher Place	Germany
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Atomic beams Laser theory Atom lasers Laser transitions X-ray lasers Resonance Spectroscopy Laser stability Pump lasers Frequency
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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