NDLI: A first exploratory study on the relevance of everyday object knowledge and training for increasing efficiency in airport security X-ray screening

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Hattenschwiler, N. Michel, S. Kuhn, M. Ritzmann, S. Schwaninger, A.
Copyright Year	2015
Description	Author affiliation: Sch. of Appl. Psychol., Univ. of Appl. Sci. & Arts Northwestern Switzerland (FHNW), Olten, Switzerland (Hattenschwiler, N.; Michel, S.; Kuhn, M.; Ritzmann, S.; Schwaninger, A.)
Abstract	Secure air transportation is vital for economy and society and it relies heavily on airport security screening. Passenger bags and other belongings are screened using X-ray machines to ensure that they do not contain prohibited items. Human operators (X-ray screeners) visually inspect X-ray images to decide whether they are harmless or whether they might contain a prohibited item and therefore require secondary search (typically using manual search and/or explosive trace detection technology). Several previous studies have shown that learning which items are prohibited and what they look like in X-ray images of passenger bags is important to achieve good detection performance. As passenger bags contain a large variety of harmless everyday objects, it could be assumed that knowing what such objects look like in X-ray images could help X-ray screeners to work more efficiently by reducing false alarms (i.e. sending a passenger bag to secondary search even though it does not contain a prohibited item). In the first experiment, the relationship between knowledge of harmless everyday objects and false alarm rate was investigated with 15 certified X-ray screeners of one large European airport. Statistical analyses revealed a good knowledge of harmless everyday objects on average with some variation between X-ray screeners and a negative correlation with false alarm rate. In the second experiment, the effectiveness of an e-learning course for acquiring knowledge of everyday objects in X-ray images was evaluated. Thirty novices conducted a test-retest experiment where half of the participants conducted an e-learning course about harmless everyday objects in X-ray images between the two tests. The results revealed that e-learning can be an effective and efficient method for increasing the knowledge of everyday objects in X-ray images. Based on the results of both studies, the relevance to learn everyday objects as part of initial and recurrent training of X-ray screeners is discussed.
Starting Page	25
Ending Page	30
File Size	890752
Page Count	6
File Format	PDF
ISBN	9781479986903
ISSN	21530742
e-ISBN	9781479986910
DOI	10.1109/CCST.2015.7389652
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2015-09-21
Publisher Place	Taiwan
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	X-ray imaging Correlation Training Security Airports Explosives Electronic learning everyday object training aviation security X-ray screening detection performance everyday object recognition
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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