NDLI: A typical noisy covert channel in the IP protocol

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Haipeng Qu Purui Su Dengguo Feng
Copyright Year	2004
Description	Author affiliation: Inst. of Software, Chinese Acad. of Sci., Beijing, China (Haipeng Qu; Purui Su; Dengguo Feng)
Abstract	Previous studies have exploited a number of noiseless covert channels in the IPv4 protocol by using some fields in the IP header including the identification, the header checksum and the padding fields. These channels can transmit covert information correctly between two Internet nodes, but will be eliminated after the adoption of the IPv6 protocol. To construct a covert channel which can survive in the IPv6 protocol, a noisy covert channel is designed by using the TTL field in the IPv4 header. The channel can be exploited in the IPv6 protocol because the TTL field will be substituted by the Hop Limit field with a similar function. Two methods are presented including one-bit-per-packet method and TTL partition method. The maximal attainable bandwidth of the channel is discussed and a formula is given to calculate the maximal attainable bandwidth. The maximal attainable bandwidth is inversely proportional to the expectation and variance of the distribution of the average hop number between two communication nodes. The correlation between the maximal attainable bandwidth and the selection of the code error rate is also analyzed. Some statistics data from real networks are collected to estimate the bandwidth of the channel in practice. The result shows that the covert channel is effective in most situations.
Sponsorship	IEEE Lexington Sect., USA IEEE Aerospace and Electron. Syst. Soc., USA Chung Shan Inst. of Sci., TAIWAN, ROC. Nat. Central Univ., Taiwan, ROC
Starting Page	189
Ending Page	192
File Size	310792
Page Count	4
File Format	PDF
ISBN	0780385063
DOI	10.1109/CCST.2004.1405390
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2004-10-11
Publisher Place	USA
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Protocols Bandwidth Information security Communication system security Content addressable storage Internet Error analysis Statistical distributions Data security Communication channels
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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