NDLI: The analysis of primer mixtures and gunshot residues using scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray analysis

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Hsien-Hui Meng Hsei-Chang Lee Yu-Liang Chen
Copyright Year	2003
Description	Author affiliation: Dept. of Forensic Sci., Central Police Univ., Tauyuan, Taiwan (Hsien-Hui Meng; Hsei-Chang Lee)
Abstract	Although the analysis of GSR using SEM/EDX has been thoroughly studied, no literature on the SEM/EDX analysis of primer mixtures of center-fired cartridges has been reported. Thus, not only GSR but also primer mixtures generated from both reference cartridges and confiscated illegal cartridges were analyzed in this work. The aim of this work is to obtain elemental composition data of primer mixtures of handgun cartridges frequently encountered in Taiwan and to provide procedures for identifying cartridge used in criminal activities through elemental analysis of GSR and primer mixtures of suspected cartridge. Twenty-five kinds of cartridges with noncorrosive primers or lead-free primers were disassembled or test-fired to collect primer mixtures or GSR, respectively. Bullet and propellants of unfired ammunition were removed, the cartridge case was deprimed, and primer mixtures were then recovered. Gunshot residue samples were collected from shooter's hand, spent cartridge case, and target surface after test firing. Both primer mixture and GSR samples were then subjected to SEM/EDX analysis. The results revealed that all of the noncorrosive primer mixtures and GSR generated from cartridges with these primers contained unique elemental composition of lead (Pb), barium (Ba), and antimony (Sb). Only Ba and Sb were detected in two kinds of lead-free primer mixtures and GSR generated from cartridges with these primers, where none of Pb, Ba, and Sb were detected in samples from the other four kinds of lead-free cartridges. Characteristic elements of Pb, Ba, and Sb were detected in all primer and GSR samples collected from illegal cartridges and were not detected in samples from police duty cartridges. These results indicated that lead-free cartridges have not yet been used by criminals in Taiwan. The significant elemental difference between GSRs from different sources is especially useful in identifying possible shooter while the fired bullet is missing.
Sponsorship	IEEE Lexington Section, USA IEEE Aerospace and Electron. Syst. Soc., USA Chung Shan Inst. of Sci. and Technol., Taiwan US Army Res. Lab. Far East Res. Office, USA Asian Office of Aerospace, Res. and Development, USA IEEE Taipei Section, Taiwan
Starting Page	358
Ending Page	363
File Size	318235
Page Count	6
File Format	PDF
ISBN	0780378822
DOI	10.1109/CCST.2003.1297587
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2003-10-14
Publisher Place	Taiwan
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Scanning electron microscopy Dispersion Lead Environmentally friendly manufacturing techniques Barium Forensics Testing Propellants X-ray imaging Weapons
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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