NDLI: Hazardous lighting - from safety to savings

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Potter Jr., R.C. Hodgson, D.L.
Copyright Year	2005
Description	Author affiliation: Cooper Crouse-Hinds, Oxford, PA, USA (Potter, R.C., Jr.)
Abstract	Lighting in hazardous (classified) locations poses application challenges in class 1, division 2 areas that require improved temperature classes (T-ratings or T-codes). For instance, oil refineries classify numerous areas with a T3 temperature class rating. A 70-watt (W) high pressure sodium (HPS) light source achieves this rating. The often-preferred wattage of 100 or 150 typically obtains a T2A or T2B rating. The following pages explore the uses of restricted breathing to achieve a T3 rating. This maintains the proper approvals for safety, while producing cost savings associated with reduction of material, and subsequently installation costs. The authors reviews through a case study and project cost estimates, the savings and benefits achieved for a 175,000 barrel per day United States east coast refinery. The latter sections of this paper examine a lighting upgrade enlisting the newly available restricted breathing technology. The savings of 48% for reproducing the same illuminance or 24% for producing even and adequate lighting is illustrated by comparing the cost of this upgrade to estimates of upgrades not using restricted breathing. An estimate of a new installation saving 51% using restricted breathing is compared to one that does not. It is described in detail, how these estimates and savings were determined.
Starting Page	35
Ending Page	42
File Size	2754504
Page Count	8
File Format	PDF
ISBN	0780392728
ISSN	00903507
DOI	10.1109/PCICON.2005.1524538
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2005-09-12
Publisher Place	USA
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Safety Costs Temperature sensors Ignition Explosions Lamps Protection IEC standards Flammability Probes Lighting Cost Estimate Hazardous Classified Areas Auto-Ignition Temperature Restricted Breathing Induction Lamps Lighting Case Study
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Fuel Technology Energy Engineering and Power Technology

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1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

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