NDLI: GEANT4 simulation of an NSECT system for iron overload detection

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Kapadia, A.J. Sharma, A.C. Harrawood, B.P. Tourassi, G.D.
Copyright Year	2007
Description	Author affiliation: Duke Univ., Durham (Kapadia, A.J.; Sharma, A.C.; Harrawood, B.P.; Tourassi, G.D.)
Abstract	Hemochromatosis (iron overload in liver) is a condition that causes serious consequences for the patient through an increase in the body's iron stores. Diagnosis of the excess iron, which is often stored in the liver, requires an invasive biopsy. We are developing neutron stimulated emission computed tomography (NSECT) as a non-invasive alternative to measure liver iron concentration to diagnose hemochromatosis. This measurement is performed using an incident neutron beam that scatters inelastically with iron nuclei in the liver, causing them to emit characteristic gamma-rays. An energy-sensitive gamma-ray detector is used to detect these gamma-rays and quantify the iron in the liver. Preliminary experiments have demonstrated an implementation of NSECT to quantify concentrations of iron and potassium in bovine liver tissue. Due to the prohibitive nature of these experiments, it is not feasible to perform system evaluation and optimization at each step using a nuclear accelerator. Here we describe a GEANT4 simulation of NSECT as a feasible alternative to perform system evaluation for iron overload diagnosis using computing resources only. The simulation model uses a 5 MeV neutron beam to scan a human liver phantom with induced iron overload. The liver is modeled as a composite shape combining a half-cylinder and a polyhedron, and is housed in a human torso filled with water. Gamma-ray spectra are generated to show element concentration within the liver. To determine the lower limit of iron overload detection, the concentration of iron in the liver is reduced from an initial high value, and the p-value of detecting peaks corresponding to iron is calculated at each step. The lower limit of detection is defined as the concentration at which the p-value of peak detection exceeds 0.05. The limit of iron overload detection from this simulation was found to be 4 mg/g, which represents a clinically relevant value for iron overload.
Starting Page	4604
Ending Page	4607
File Size	1982763
Page Count	4
File Format	PDF
ISBN	9781424409228
ISSN	10957863
DOI	10.1109/NSSMIC.2007.4437134
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2007-10-26
Publisher Place	USA
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Iron Liver Performance evaluation Particle beams Gamma ray detectors Computational modeling Humans Biopsy Neutrons Stimulated emission
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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