NDLI: Prefetching the means for document transfer: a new approach for reducing Web latency

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Cohen, E. Kaplan, H.
Copyright Year	2000
Description	Author affiliation: AT&T Labs.-Res., Florham Park, NJ, USA (Cohen, E.)
Abstract	User-perceived latency is recognized as the central performance problem in the Web. We systematically measure factors contributing to this latency, across several locations. Our study reveals that DNS query times, TCP connection establishment, and start-of-session delays at HTTP servers, more so than transmission time, are major causes of long waits. Wait due to these factors also afflicts high-bandwidth users and has detrimental effect on perceived performance. We propose simple techniques that address these factors: (i) pre-resolving host-names (pre-performing DNS lookup); (ii) pre-connecting (prefetching TCP connections prior to issuance of HTTP request); and (iii) pre-warming (sending a "dummy" HTTP HEAD request to Web servers). Trace-based simulations demonstrate a potential to reduce perceived latency dramatically. Our techniques surpass document prefetching in performance improvement per bandwidth used and can be used with non-prefetchable URL. Deployment of these techniques at Web browsers or proxies does not require protocol modifications or the cooperation of other entities. Applicable servers can be identified, for example, by analyzing hyperlinks. Bandwidth overhead is minimal, and so is processing overhead at the user's browser. We propose scalable deployment solutions to control the potential overhead to proxies and particularly to Web servers.
Starting Page	854
Ending Page	863
File Size	1309961
Page Count	10
File Format	PDF
ISBN	0780358805
ISSN	0743166X
DOI	10.1109/INFCOM.2000.832260
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2000-03-26
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Prefetching Web server Bandwidth Transport protocols TCPIP Internet Delay effects Uniform resource locators Time factors Proposals
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Computer Science Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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