NDLI: Optical lattice clock with neutral mercury

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Mejri, S. Yi, L. McFerran, J.J. Bize, S.
Copyright Year	2011
Description	Author affiliation: LNE-SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS UMR 8630, UMPC, 61 Avenue de l'Observatoire, 75014 Paris, France (Mejri, S.; Yi, L.; McFerran, J.J.; Bize, S.)
Abstract	Optical lattice clocks offer the possibility to combine accuracy in the $10^{−18}$ range together with exquisite short stability, $10^{−16}$ for a measurement time of 1 second or even better [7]. Clocks with such level of accuracy and stability largely outperform the existing primary frequency standard based on the laser-cooled atomic fountain geometry and on an atomic transition in the microwave domain. Optical clocks allow fundamental physics tests with unprecedented accuracy [11] and open the way to new applications such as Earth gravitation potential mapping [12]. The ultimate limitation to the performance of optical lattice clock is still under investigation. Nonetheless, one limiting systematic shifts is clearly identified already: the blackbody radiation shift, the shift of the clock frequency due to the interaction of atoms with the ambient thermal electromagnetic background. At the temperature of 300 K and in fractional terms, this frequency shift is of the order of $−5.5×10^{−15}$ for strontium (Sr) and $−2.6×10^{−15}$ for ytterbium (Yb). Consequently, this effect must be controlled to much better than the percent level for an accuracy of $10^{−17},$ a highly challenging task. One motivation for considering mercury (Hg) is its low susceptibility to blackbody radiation [8]. At 300 K, the corresponding fractional frequency shift is only $−1.6×10^{−16},$ ∼16 times smaller than for Yb and ∼34 times smaller than for Sr. Hg is also interesting for its high sensitivity to a putative variation of the fine structure constant. Hg has 7 natural isotopes, 6 of them with abundance above 6%, 2 fermions and 5 bosons, which are all candidates for an optical lattice clock. Using Hg for an optical lattice clock remains however a significant technical challenge given that most of the laser wavelengths necessary to manipulate atoms and to probe the clock transition are in the deep ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Starting Page	1
Ending Page	2
File Size	144698
Page Count	2
File Format	PDF
ISBN	9781424451173
e-ISBN	9781424460519
DOI	10.1109/URSIGASS.2011.6050321
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2011-08-13
Publisher Place	Turkey
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Atomic measurements Lattices Measurement by laser beam Laser transitions Mercury (metals) Atomic clocks
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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