NDLI: Equivalent circuit of intra-body communication channels based on a lossy conductor model

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Haga, N. Ito, K.
Copyright Year	2012
Description	Author affiliation: Graduate School of Engineering, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan (Haga, N.) \|\| Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan (Ito, K.)
Abstract	The physical channels establishing intra-body communications were first treated as capacitive circuits by Zimmerman [1]. However, the conventional circuit model is of assuming capacitances only between particular conductors, and is not based on quantitative analyses; therefore, its validity had been unclear for a long time. For this reason, we have derived an improved circuit model by solving a boundary value problem of electric potentials of conductors [2]. However, the applicable scope of the improved model is still limited for two reasons. One is that the wavelength should be sufficiently longer than the human body. The other is that the conduction currents inside the human body should be sufficiently little because the human body is approximated as a perfect electric conductor (PEC) in both the conventional and improved models. In contrast, the transmitter investigated by Fujii was designed so as to induce conduction currents inside the human body [3]; therefore, the PEC model is no longer applicable even if the frequency is sufficiently low. Regarding the former problem, some researchers extended Zimmerman's circuit model to simulate the frequency dependence of the communication channels [4], [5]. However, the circuit parameters in their models were just assumed or determined so that the received voltage calculated by the circuit model fits with the measured or simulated results. In a strict sense, it is difficult to represent the channel characteristics by a circuit model at such a high frequency. On the other hand, the latter problem can be properly handled if the frequency is sufficiently low. In the present paper, the equivalent circuit for lossy conductors is derived and the physical mechanism of the communication channels inducing conduction currents inside the human body is addressed.
Starting Page	672
Ending Page	675
File Size	360107
Page Count	4
File Format	PDF
ISBN	9781467310017
e-ISBN	9784885522703
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2012-10-29
Publisher Place	Japan
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers (IEICE)
Subject Keyword	Electrodes Electric potential Transmitters Printed circuits Capacitance Integrated circuit modeling Equivalent circuits
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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