NDLI: Kuala Besar, Kelantan: A sound speed analysis

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Mohd Yusop, S. Abu Bakar, M.N. Abdullah, K.
Copyright Year	2011
Description	Author affiliation: Department of Geophysics, School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia (Mohd Yusop, S.; Abu Bakar, M.N.; Abdullah, K.)
Abstract	Sound speed in seawater has been an interest to many researchers since the equations for sound speed was first published by Wilson in 1960. Generally, the speed of sound in water increases with the increasing temperature, salinity and pressure. However, other factors affecting sound speed are minor. Value of sound speed for fresh water and seawater at atmospheric pressure is approximately 1500 $ms^{−1}.$ In this study, the sound speed of Kuala Besar, Kelantan was investigated. This shallow water area is an estuary area where the acoustic environment can change over in very short scales. The sound speed calculation was based on the field observation data of salinity, temperature and depth of Kuala Besar. Medwin formula was used in the calculation. The collected data showed a variation of sound speed between 1058.17–1100.46 $ms^{−1}.$ The sound speed variations followed more the variations in salinity compared to variations in temperature for the stations at the transverse and longitudinal direction of the river. Therefore, in this study, the sound speed values were more influenced by salinity than temperature and followed the fact that salinity varies greatly in estuaries.
Starting Page	666
Ending Page	670
File Size	444811
Page Count	5
File Format	PDF
ISBN	9781467300216
e-ISBN	9781467300209
DOI	10.1109/CHUSER.2011.6163815
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2011-12-05
Publisher Place	Malaysia
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Temperature measurement Sea surface Temperature distribution Temperature Sea measurements Rivers Estuary Ocean temperature Sound speed Seawater Salinity
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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