NDLI: Optical-to-electrical frequency conversion with attosecond timing

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Quinlan, Franklyn Baynes, Fred N. Sun, Wenlu Fortier, Tara M. Beling, Andreas Campbell, Joe C. Diddams, Scott A.
Copyright Year	2015
Description	Author affiliation: National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA (Quinlan, Franklyn; Baynes, Fred N.; Fortier, Tara M.; Diddams, Scott A.) \|\| Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Univ. of Virginia, Charlottesville, 22904, USA (Sun, Wenlu; Beling, Andreas; Campbell, Joe C.)
Abstract	The most frequency-stable electromagnetic radiation is produced optically, with lasers locked to passive reference cavities reaching a fractional frequency instability of $10^{−16},$ and optical clock instabilities approaching $10^{−18}$ at $10^{4}$ s. These references can find new utility when their stability is transferred to the electronic domain, such as in microwave spectroscopy, radar, and synchronization at kilometer-scale scientific facilities, such as free-electron lasers and phasedarray telescopes. High fidelity optical-to-electrical conversion is achieved by locking an optical frequency comb (OFC) to an ultrastable optical reference, transferring the frequency stability to the pulse repetition rate. Direct detection of the ultrashort optical pulse train from the OFC then generates ultrastable electrical signals at the pulse repetition rate and harmonics thereof. Using this technique, 10 GHz microwave signals have been generated with instability at one second of $8×10^{−16},$ matching the stability of the optical reference (T. Fortier, et al, Nat. Photon., 5, 2011, p. 425). With continued improvements to the stability of optical frequency references, extremely high fidelity photodetection across timescales ranging from less than a microsecond to hours will be required. Here we report optical-to-electrical conversion performance using modified uni-traveling carrier (MUTC) photodetectors for frequency transfer of current state-of-the-art and next-generation optical references. Our work demonstrates residual fractional frequency instability at 1 second averaging of $1.4×10^{−17}$ (F. Baynes et al., arXiv:1410.7461), and photocurrent timing noise spectral density reaching 25 zeptoseconds/√Hz (F. Quinlan, et al, Nat. Photon., 7, 2013, p. 290).
Starting Page	1
Ending Page	1
File Size	993945
Page Count	1
File Format	PDF
ISBN	9789090086286
DOI	10.1109/URSI-AT-RASC.2015.7303018
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2015-05-16
Publisher Place	Spain
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	International Union of Radio Science (URSI)
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
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3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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