NDLI: Incorporating cost of control into the design of a load balancing controller

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Diao, Y. Hellerstein, J.L. Storm, A.J. Surendra, M. Lightstone, S. Parekh, S. Garcia- Arellano, C.
Copyright Year	2004
Description	Author affiliation: IBM Thomas J. Watson Res. Center, Hawthorne, NY, USA (Diao, Y.; Hellerstein, J.L.)
Abstract	Load balancing is widely used in computing systems as a way to optimize performance by reducing bottleneck utilizations, such as adjusting the size of buffer pools to balance resource demands in a database management system. Load balancing is generally approached as a constrained optimization problem in which only the benefits of load balancing are considered. However, the costs of control are important as well. Herein, we study the value of including in controller design the trade-off between the cost of transient imbalances in resource utilizations and the cost of changing resource allocations. An example of the latter are actions such as resizing buffer pools that can reduce throughputs. This is because requests for data in pools whose memory is reduced immediately have longer access times whereas requests for data in pools whose memory is increased must fill this memory with data from disk before accessed times are reduced. We frame our study of control costs in terms of the widely used linear quadratic regulator (LQR). We develop a cost model that allows us to specify the LQR Q and R matrices based on the impact on system performance of changing resource allocations and transient load imbalances. Our studies of a DB2 universal database server using benchmarks for online transaction processing and decision support workloads show that incorporating our cost model into the MIMO LQR controller results in a 14% improvement in performance beyond that achieved by dynamically allocating the size of buffers without properly considering the cost of control.
Sponsorship	IEEE Comput. Soc. Tech. Committee on Real-Time Syst
Starting Page	376
Ending Page	385
File Size	507647
Page Count	10
File Format	PDF
ISBN	0769521487
ISSN	15453421
DOI	10.1109/RTTAS.2004.1317284
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2004-05-28
Publisher Place	Canada
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Constraint optimization Costs Regulators System performance Load management Throughput Database systems Transaction databases Resource management Size control
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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