NDLI: Assessment on leading factors for dropping of shallow ground water level

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Fei Yuhong Zhang Zhaoji Qian Yong Li Yasong Meng Suhua Wang Chunxiao
Copyright Year	2011
Description	Author affiliation: Inst. of Hydrogeology & Environ. Geol., Shijiazhuang, China (Fei Yuhong; Zhang Zhaoji; Qian Yong; Li Yasong; Meng Suhua; Wang Chunxiao)
Abstract	The economy in the North China Plain is developed, with a dense population and a lot of ground water exploration. The shortage of water resources has become a bottleneck for sustainable development in the area. Since the 1960s, the shallow ground water level has been dropping in the North China Plain, the dropping amplitude in the sub-mountain plain area is larger than the amplitude in the central and eastern area, and more than 10 ground water level dropping funnels have been shaped. In accordance with monitoring in the year 2005, the water level buried depth at the center of the funnel was 40~50m. The area with water level lower than “0”m is 19.8%. Increased exploration of ground water, less precipitation and reduced direct runoff are induced factors for dropping of the ground water level in the area. In the 1970s, the ground water exploration was $15.657×10^{9}m^{3}/a,and$ $18.524×10^{9}m^{3}/a$ in the 1990s. The exploration strength in the sub-mountain area is high, namely: Beijing $400.9×10^{3}m^{3}/(a·km^{2}),$ Shijiazhuang $258.3×10^{3}m^{3}/(a·km^{2}),$ Baoding $234.8×10^{3}m^{3}/$ $(a·km^{2});$ average precipitation in the North China Plain from 1956~2003 was 558.6mm/a and from 1991~2003 the average was 513.2mm/a, which has decreased by 8.1%. The decrement in the sub-mountain plain cities have decreased more, for example, since the 1950s, in Beijing and Shijiazhuang, the precipitations in the following 30 years have decreased by 16.1% and 9.1% than precipitations in the earlier 30 years; the surface water retention and water consumption out of the river course to reduce direct runoff, the surface water retention project retains 83.5% runoff in the mountain area, and average water inception in the river course in the plain area is more than 300 days per year. Leading factors for the dropping of the ground water level are assessed with a relative analysis method, statistics method and the water balance method of the Gray Theory, and the following was discovered: (1) relevancies of the ground water level dropping to the ground water exploration quantity, precipitation and river leakage changes are 0.79, 0.69 and 0.61, and it can be seen that the exploration quantity is related in maximum and is a major influencing factor; (2) relevancies of the ground water buried depth change to the accumulated ground water exploration quantity, accumulated precipitation and surface water accumulated leakage are 0.97, 0.92 and 0.88, which means that the leading factor for dropping of the ground water level is ground water exploration, the secondary factor is less precipitation and the last is that the surface water retention plays a certain role; (3) supply and drainage modules of 1956~1984 series and 1991~2003 series are $-2.1×10^{3}m^{3}/(a·km^{2})$ and $-17.1×10^{3}m^{3}/(a·km^{2}),$ with a contribution rate of the explored ground water to the supply and drainage for 1956~1984 series of 52.1% and contribution rate of the precipitation to the supply and drainage of 47.2% while the contribution rates for 1991~2003 series are 53.7% and 40.8%. Ground water exploration is the leading factor, contributing more to the dropping of the ground water than precipitation. Further, according to quantified assessments, ground water exploration is the leading factor for the dropping of the ground water level.
Starting Page	227
Ending Page	232
File Size	520293
Page Count	6
File Format	PDF
ISBN	9781612843391
e-ISBN	9781612843407
DOI	10.1109/ISWREP.2011.5892987
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2011-05-20
Publisher Place	China
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Quantified assessment Mineralization Humans Sea measurements Shallow ground water Cities and towns Reservoirs Dropping of water level Exploration Rivers North China Plain
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
6	Contents and Copyright Issues	Queries related to content curation and copyright issues	content@ndl.gov.in
7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
8	Digital Preservation Centre (DPC)	Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books	dpc@ndl.gov.in
9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in