NDLI: Data embedding with multi-ary tree coding

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Fengyong Li Liu Shi Xinpeng Zhang Yuejun Chen
Copyright Year	2011
Description	Author affiliation: School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, China (Fengyong Li; Liu Shi; Xinpeng Zhang; Yuejun Chen)
Abstract	This paper proposes a novel steganographic method based on tree structure. This method tries to reduce the amplitude of modifying the cover object to minimize the distortion. In data hiding process, each secret digit is represented by a (2n+1)-ary notational system. We employ complete tree structure to carry the difference between cover pixels and secret digits, and secret digits are embedded into the cover pixels by using tree structure. An optimum node distribution with least distortion is found by performing adjusting procedure, in which the amplitude of modifying is dispersed in all cover pixels evenly. The embedding algorithm obtains the stego object by performing addition between cover object and adjusted tree object. We can prove that our method can produce a stego object with least distortion. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that our method is very efficient for hiding the secret message due to its simplicity and has higher embedding efficiency than other algorithms when the embedding rate is same.
Starting Page	267
Ending Page	270
File Size	217859
Page Count	4
File Format	PDF
ISBN	9781612847719
e-ISBN	9781612847740
DOI	10.1109/ICMT.2011.6002115
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2011-07-26
Publisher Place	China
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Algorithm design and analysis Vegetation Binary trees Data hiding Encoding Parity check codes Payload Multi-ary tree coding Equations Payloads
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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